AP World History: Modern — Mock Exam #1 (MCQ Section)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-22 最后更新: 2026-03-22
考试说明¶
- 题目数量：55 道选择题
- 建议用时：55 分钟（1 分钟/题）
- 使用方式：计时模拟，完成后核对答案
- 题目来源：从题库按官方单元权重抽取
- 单元分布：U1(5) U2(6) U3(7) U4(7) U5(7) U6(8) U7(5) U8(5) U9(5)
- 说明：Unit 2 题库全部为成组刺激题（每组 3 题），为保持组内完整性，U2 比标准多 1 题，U4 相应减 1 题
Part A: Questions 1–55¶
“Emperor Zhengzong, being deeply concerned with agriculture, came to know that the Champa rice was drought resistant and that the green lentils of India were famous for their heavy yield and large seeds. Special envoys, bringing precious things, were dispatched with a view to securing these varieties.... When the first harvests were reaped in the autumn, the emperor called his closest ministers to taste them and compose poems for Champa rice and Indian green lentils.” Shu Wenying, Buddhist monk, China, eleventh century C.E.
1. Which of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage?
(A) The creation of new forms of governance in China during the Song dynasty (B) The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South Asia (C) The diffusion of Buddhism into China (D) The creation of diasporic trade communities along the Silk Road
Answer: (B)
2. The activities of the state described in the passage are consistent with which of the following Song dynasty policies?
(A) Increasing state investment in economic development, such as improving the Grand Canal (B) State-sponsored maritime expeditions in the Indian Ocean, such as those led by Zheng He (C) Tribute exchanges with Central Asian peoples, such as the Mongols (D) Revival of traditional Chinese forms of learning, such as Neoconfucianism
Answer: (A)
3. Which of the following was the main reason that Buddhist thought had important social implications for South Asia?
(A) It encouraged larger family size. (B) Its followers were incorporated into the Brahman caste. (C) It challenged hierarchies based on caste. (D) It reinforced the idea of obedience to the emperor as a means to salvation.
Answer: (C)
4. By 1200 C.E. Improved agricultural technology had spread throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa primarily through the
(A) development of oxen immune to diseases carried by the tsetse fly (B) discovery of gold that provided a means of exchange among groups (C) expansion of the Sahara Desert, which forced Berber peoples to move south (D) migration of Bantu-speaking peoples with their knowledge of ironworking
Answer: (D)
“To the most holy father, the Pope: Most of our kingdom of Hungary was reduced to a desert by the scourge of the Mongols’ invasion. Now, we receive news every day that the Mongols have again unified their forces and will soon send their countless troops against all of Europe. We are afraid that we will be unable to withstand the Mongols’ ferocity in battle unless the Pope is able to persuade other Christian rulers to send us aid to fortify our kingdom. When the Mongols invaded in 1241, we sent requests for military aid to the papacy, the Holy Roman Emperor, the king of France, and others. But from all of them we received only words of support. We, for shame, resorted to inviting pagan Cumans into our kingdom. If, God forbid, our kingdom fell to the Mongols, the door would be open for them to invade the other regions of the Catholic faith from the Hungarian steppes. So, the people in our kingdom cannot cease to be amazed that you offer substantial help to the Christian territories overseas, which if they were lost would not harm the inhabitants of Europe more than if our kingdom fell.” a people who dwelled along the steppes of the Black Sea and in Central Asia King Béla IV of Hungary, letter to Pope Innocent IV, circa 1250
5. Which of the following features of Europe in the period circa 1200–1450 most directly contributed to the fact that the king of Hungary did not receive the military assistance that he requested in 1241, as mentioned in the third paragraph?
(A) The existence of numerous feudal states that were frequently in conflict with one another (B) The development of parliaments that could check royal authority (C) The growing political power of regional trade organizations such as the Hanseatic League (D) The religious divisions of Europe into Protestants and Catholics as a result of the Reformation
Answer: (A)
TOTAL LAND DEVOTED TO THE PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AS MEASURED IN MILLIONS OF HECTARES*, 1200–1400
| Region | 1200 | 1300 | 1400 |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 55.2 | 44.2 | 40.2 |
| Europe | 71.1 | 87.4 | 61.2 |
| India | 43.5 | 40.8 | 38.2 |
| Middle East | 7.8 | 6.1 | 5.7 |
*a hectare is equivalent to roughly 2.5 acres
Source: Data adapted from Our World in Data, found online at https://ourworldindata.org/yields-and-land-use-in-agriculture
6. Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300 ?
(A) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in China and the Middle East but rose in India. (B) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined more substantially in India than it did in the Middle East and China. (C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. (D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased in every region except China.
Answer: (C)
7. Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how an emphasis on wheat cultivation in Europe affected the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops there compared with the rice-producing regions of China and India between 1200 and 1300 ?
(A) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe increased at the same rate that the total amount of land devoted to agricultural crops in China and India declined. (B) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and Europe remained relatively stable. (C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. (D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.
Answer: (D)
8. Which of the following best describes how the table illustrates the effect of the spread of the bubonic plague on the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe and the Middle East between 1300 and 1400 ?
(A) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops did not change significantly in either region. (B) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops decreased more substantially in the Middle East than in Europe. (C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East. (D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased slightly in the Middle East and in Europe.
Answer: (C)
“After leaving India, we arrived in Sumatra. It is a fertile area, in which coco-palm, clove, Indian aloe, mango, and sweet orange trees grow. Local commerce is facilitated by tin and Chinese gold. The sultan was informed of our visit and sent the judge and experts on Islamic law to meet me. The sultan is an illustrious and generous ruler and a patron of religious scholars. He is constantly waging war against the non-Muslims of Sumatra, but is a humble man who walks on foot to Friday prayers. The non-Muslims of the area must pay a poll-tax to obtain peace.
One Friday after leaving the mosque, the sultan mounted an elephant and we and his entourage rode with him on horses until we reached the palace. Male musicians came into the audience hall and sang before him, after which they led horses into the hall. The horses were embroidered in silk and wore golden anklets and danced before the sultan. I was astonished, even though I had seen the same performance at the court of the Delhi sultan in India*. My stay at the sultan’s court lasted fifteen days, after which I asked his permission to continue my journey to China because it is not possible to sail to China at all times of the year.
We then traveled to a kingdom on the Malay Peninsula aboard a Chinese ship. This kingdom is inhabited by non-Muslims and contains great quantities of aromatic spices and aloes. The merchants sell Indian aloe for a roll of cotton cloth, which is dearer to them than silk. The ruler is a non-Muslim. We then left the Malay Peninsula and sailed to another non-Muslim kingdom in Southeast Asia. After seventeen days at sea, with a favorable wind and sailing with maximum speed and ease, we reached the land of China.” *The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim state in northern India that was ruled by a Turkic elite. Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler from North Africa, account of his journey to China, circa 1345
9. The purpose of Ibn Battuta’s account was most likely to
(A) glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in Southeast Asia (B) warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean (C) encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce (D) inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
Answer: (D)
10. Based on Ibn Battuta’s description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a
(A) Sunni Muslim merchant who believes that commercial profits should be given greater consideration than religious purity (B) Sufi Muslim mystic who believes that Muslim rulers should encourage religious coexistence (C) Shi'a Muslim cleric who believes that false interpretations of Islam have corrupted the religion (D) Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam
Answer: (D)
11. Ibn Battuta’s claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200–1450 ?
(A) Expanding trade facilitated increased tolerance of the traditions of other religious groups. (B) Cultural exchange emerged from competition among maritime empires. (C) Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions. (D) Cultural exchange emerged from new patterns of regional commerce.
Answer: (C)
Source 1
A Mughal painting depicting a Mughal official (the kneeling figure holding a piece of paper near the center of the image) and his companions meeting a group of Hindu holy men (sadhus), circa 1635 C.E.
Source 2
Ms E-14, from a Moraqqa (gouache on paper), Indian School, (17th century) / Institute of Oriental Studies, St. Petersburg, Russia / Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
Sayings attributed to Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, circa 1500 C.E.
• “Oh God, the tongue of man has given Thee numerous names; but ‘the Truth’ is Thy real name from time immemorial.” • “We human beings are neither Hindus nor Muslims; but are bodies and soul of the Supreme Being; call Him Allah, or call Him Rama.” • “Everyone is chanting: ‘Rama, Rama’; but mere repetition is no remembrance of Rama. Only when the heart of man becomes saturated with God is such remembrance fruitful.” • “Worthless is caste and worthless an exalted name; for all humankind there is but a single refuge in God.”
12. Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire’s territorial expansion in South Asia?
(A) The Mughals’ adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons (B) The Mughals’ adoption of Sikhism (C) The Mughals’ friendly relations with neighboring states, such as the Safavid Empire and Tibet (D) The Mughal emperors’ claims that they were directly descended from Genghis Khan
Answer: (A)
13. Source 2 indicates that all of the following were likely factors contributing to Sikhism’s popularity in India EXCEPT:
(A) It offered a set of religious beliefs that combined elements of both Hinduism and Islam. (B) It advocated a direct and personal approach to God that paralleled Islamic beliefs. (C) It appealed to members of the lower socioeconomic strata by rejecting the rigid social hierarchy of Hinduism. (D) It offered a set of principles around which all Indians could rally in resisting British imperial encroachment
Answer: (D)
MINIATURE ILLUSTRATION INCLUDED IN A PERSIAN HISTORY OF THE MUGHAL CONQUEST OF INDIA SHOWING THE MUGHAL DEFEAT OF THE SULTAN OF DELHI AT THE BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN 1526 Archive World / Alamy Stock Photo The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
14. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?
(A) States increasingly relied on slave soldiers to establish large empires. (B) The invention of the stirrup allowed expanding states to use cavalry more effectively. (C) The development of new types of armor reduced casualties and allowed states to expand faster than before. (D) States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.
Answer: (D)
15. The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT
(A) the Safavid Empire (B) the Qing (Manchu) Empire (C) the Aztec (Mexica) Empire (D) the Ottoman Empire
Answer: (C)
16. Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450–1750 ?
(A) It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states’ military capabilities grew. (B) It led to the emergence of new religious disputes over theological interpretations. (C) It led to the establishment of pan-Eurasian nomadic empires, such as the Mongol Empire. (D) It led to the adoption of feudal systems of government, as monarchs could not prevent the rising power of military aristocracies.
Answer: (A)
17. Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
(A) The development of large trading companies (B) The adoption of Buddhist beliefs (C) The military alliances with western European states (D) The use of cannons and gunpowder
Answer: (D)
18. The photograph above of a sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following?
(A) Emergence of capitalist economies (B) Expansion of coercive labor systems (C) Creation of a global trade network (D) Cultural syncretism
Answer: (D)
19. All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT
(A) the spread of Afro-Eurasian diseases in the Americas (B) soil depletion and erosion from intensive agriculture in the Caribbean (C) American foods becoming staple crops in Africa (D) air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels
Answer: (D)
20. Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?
(A) Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished. (B) Bantu peoples increasingly migrated southwards and eastwards. (C) African societies became increasingly monotheistic as they adopted Islam. (D) African states underwent significant urbanization as rural agricultural populations diminished.
Answer: (A)
21. Which of the following best explains the relative volume of trade to different destinations as shown on the map?
(A) The need for labor in new mining centers (B) The traditional use of enslaved soldiers by the Ottoman Empire (C) The increasing demand for labor on cash crop plantations (D) The growing desire for household servants among emerging commercial elites
Answer: (C)
JAPANESE FUMI-E (“STEPPING-ON PICTURE”), A TYPE OF METAL PLATE CARVED WITH CHRISTIAN IMAGERY, USED BY THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT TO IDENTIFY SUSPECTED CHRISTIANS, CIRCA 1630 Heritage Images / Contributor Japanese authorities required suspected Japanese Christians to tread on fumi-e plates based on the belief that Christians would refuse to disrespect images of Jesus Christ and other Christian religious figures.
22. The object shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments between 1450 and 1750 ?
(A) The introduction of Chinese religious and cultural influences in Japan (B) The fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and restoration of direct imperial rule (C) The growth of Russian cultural influence in East Asia as a result of the Russian expansion into Siberia (D) The influence of European merchants and missionaries along Asian maritime trade routes
Answer: (D)
23. The use of objects such as the one shown in the image best illustrates which of the following historical processes from 1450 to 1750 ?
(A) Some Asian states sought to limit foreign encroachment in their internal affairs. (B) Political leaders in Asia commissioned works of art to legitimize their rule. (C) Religious conversion by state rulers was often followed by the mass conversion of state populations. (D) The territorial expansion of Asian land-based empires limited European influence in many parts of Asia.
Answer: (A)
24. “In countries where there is a great scarcity of money, all other saleable goods, and even the labor of men, are given for less money than [in countries] where money is abundant. Thus we see by experience that in France (where money is scarcer than in Spain) bread, wine, cloth, and labor, are worth much less. And even in Spain, in [recent] times when money was scarcer than it is now, saleable goods and labor were given for much less.” Martín de Azpilcueta Navarro, Spanish scholar, treatise, 1556 Navarro’s economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following?
(A) The Spanish-Portuguese colonial rivalry in the Atlantic (B) The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy (C) The practice of governments devaluing their currencies by reducing the proportion of precious metals in their coins (D) The beginning of large-scale importation of silver by China from Spanish mines in the Americas
Answer: (B)
Image 1 Ivory tip for a king’s ceremonial scepter showing a female ancestor spirit, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800 Werner Forman Archive / Bridgeman Images Image 2 Female figure on a crucifix, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800 Kongo. Crucifix. Stone, pigment, 13 x 6 1/2 x 2 1/2 in. (33.0 x 16.6 x 6.4 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Museum Expedition 1922, Robert B. Woodward Memorial Fund, 22.240.
25. The object in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following cultural processes in the period circa 1450–1750?
(A) The spread of Ethiopian cultural traditions in West Africa (B) The influence of the Columbian Exchange on artistic traditions (C) The development of religious syncretism as cultural traditions spread (D) The intensification of pre-existing religious conflicts and rivalries
Answer: (C)
“By the end of the nineteenth century, Germany had advanced beyond Britain in terms of economic output. The prime reason for this development was that Germany developed newer industries, while Britain continued to stress textile production. Formerly an agricultural country, the German Empire has come to be regarded as one of the leading industrial nations of the world and, in the chemical industries, Germany has for some time occupied a leading place.
One of the most successful chemical and pharmaceutical firms in Germany is the Bayer company. Bayer employs 3,500 people alone at its plant in Leverkusen,* and the factory is so gigantic that all of these people are barely noticed when a visitor tours it. The laboratories are arranged very much in the same manner as the university laboratories in Britain. Each workstation receives a supply of electricity, compressed air, steam, and hot and cold water. The research chemists are paid a salary of about 100 British pounds for the first year. If a chemist has shown himself to be useful in his first year, he may receive a longer contract and may receive royalties on any processes that he invented.”
*a city located in west-central Germany near Cologne; until the development of the German chemical industry in the late nineteenth century, Leverkusen was a small rural community.
Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909
26. The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?
(A) The spread of new industrial technologies such as the internal combustion engine from the United States (B) The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution (C) The greater diversity of manufactured goods produced by industrial factories (D) The growing importance of using coal as fuel in industrial production
Answer: (B)
27. Great Britain’s development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to
(A) use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production (B) use natural resources from colonies to create finished products (C) use coerced labor for producing manufactured goods (D) take advantage of mercantilist economic policies to protect themselves from foreign competition
Answer: (A)
28. Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph?
(A) The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions. (B) The invention of steamships facilitated the migration of colonial subjects to imperial metropoles. (C) The invention of the telegraph made it easier for companies to recruit educated workers from across the world. (D) The discovery of electricity made rural communities more attractive places to live for wealthy urbanites.
Answer: (A)
I have longed to make the acquaintance of a ‘modern girl,’ that proud, independent girl who has all my sympathy! I do not belong to the Indian world, but to that of my sisters who are struggling forward in the distant West. If the laws of my land permitted it, I would be like the new woman in Europe; but age-long traditions that cannot be broken hold us back. Someday those traditions will loosen and let us go, but it may be three, four generations after us. Oh, you do not know what it is to love this young, new age with heart and soul, and yet to be bound hand and foot, chained by all the laws, customs, and conventions of one’s land. All our institutions are directly opposed to the progress for which I so long for the sake of our people. Day and night I wonder by what means our ancient traditions could be overcome. But it was not the voices alone which reached me from that distant, bright, new-born Europe, which made me long for a change in existing conditions for women. Even in my childhood, the word ‘emancipation’ enchanted my ears and awakened in me an ever- growing longing for freedom and independence—a longing to stand alone.” Raden Adjeng Kartini, Javanese noblewoman in Dutch Indonesia, letter to a friend, Java, 1899
29. Based on the letter, Kartini’s views were most similar to the views espoused by members of which of the following movements?
(A) The socialist movement (B) The early feminist movement (C) The abolitionist movement (D) The anti-imperialist movement
Answer: (B)
30. Which of the following best explains Kartini’s familiarity with the ideas regarding social roles that she discusses in her letter?
(A) The expansion of public education systems as governments increasingly centralized (B) The spread of Enlightenment thought as empires consolidated control over their territories (C) The development of new mass media technologies such as radio (D) The increasing overseas migration of Asians as laborers in European colonies
Answer: (B)
31. In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world?
(A) Liberalism (B) Absolutism (C) Fascism (D) Communism
Answer: (A)
32. Which of the following best describes an important difference between Karl Marx’s theory of socialist revolution and that of V. I. Lenin?
(A) Only Marx stressed the importance of the “class struggle” in history. (B) Only Marx stressed the primary role of the industrial proletariat. (C) Only Marx thought that a socialist revolution must be achieved through parliamentary reform. (D) Only Lenin argued that the workers’ revolution would have to be led by professional revolutionaries. (E) Only Lenin argued that revolution would occur in the most industrialized countries.
Answer: (D)
The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal.” Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900
33. The founding of “the Australian nation,” as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes?
(A) The creation of mercantilist empires to extract natural resources (B) European states’ establishment of settler colonies (C) European companies’ establishment of overseas trading posts (D) Japan’s creation of its own empire in Asia
Answer: (B)
34. Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
(A) Britain’s founding of Australia followed God’s command to convert non-Whites. (B) All peoples of the world have the right to determine their own government. (C) Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa. (D) Nations go to war with each other mainly to gain precious metals.
Answer: (C)
35. In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following?
(A) European states’ competition to acquire overseas colonies (B) The abolitionist movement to end slavery (C) The creation of industrialized economies in Europe (D) Efforts by European missionaries to convert non-Europeans to Christianity for their spiritual salvation
Answer: (A)
36. Pearson’s argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?
(A) Free-market capitalism (B) Marxism (C) Mercantilism (D) Social Darwinism
Answer: (D)
PHOTOGRAPH OF A FRENCH SCHOOL IN ALGIERS, INCLUDED IN A FRENCH GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION SHOWING SCENES FROM COLONIAL ALGERIA, 1857 Private Collection / Archives Charmet / Bridgeman Images The title of the photograph is “French Arab School in Algiers Under the Supervision of the Colonial Arab Bureau, Class Taught by Monsieur Depielle.” The writing on the chalkboard reads: “My children, love France, your new homeland.”
37. The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa?
(A) European states attempting to encourage colonial populations to emigrate (B) European states attempting to spread Christianity among colonial populations (C) European states imposing democratic systems of government in order to prepare colonial populations for self-rule (D) European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
Answer: (D)
38. The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century?
(A) Some European states established trading-post empires. (B) Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies. (C) Some European states faced native resistance to their colonization efforts. (D) Some European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation of colonial peoples.
Answer: (B)
39. The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following?
(A) Economic competition between European states fostering the creation of transnational business that sought to exchange raw materials from Europe for finished goods from colonies (B) Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers (C) Rapid population increases in European colonies in Asia encouraging European states to create new colonies for migrants to settle (D) Revolutions in Europe leading European states to seek troops from colonial populations
Answer: (B)
40. Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century?
(A) China became isolated politically in part because of its suppression of pro-Western Chinese dissidents. (B) China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces. (C) China became a major exporter of manufactured goods to Europe. (D) China and Europe were forced into an uneasy alliance to reverse Japanese imperial expansion in northern China.
Answer: (B)
41. “At school the teachers say it is our patriotic duty to stop using foreign words. I didn’t know what they meant by this at first, but now I see it—you must no longer say ‘adieu’ [‘farewell’] because that is French. It is in order to say ‘lebwohl’ [‘farewell’ in German] instead. We also have a little tin box in which we’ll put some small change in every time we slip up and use a foreign word. The contents of this little war savings box will go towards buying knitting wool. We must now knit woollen things for the soldiers.” Diary of a twelve-year old German girl, August 1914 The passage above best exemplifies which of the following processes shortly after the outbreak of the First World War?
(A) The increasingly authoritarian methods used by European teachers (B) The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe (C) The emergence of a pan-European antiwar movement (D) The key role European women played in sustaining the war effort
Answer: (B)
DAVID OLÈRE, FRENCH JEWISH PAINTER, WHO SPENT MORE THAN TWO YEARS (MARCH 1943 TO MAY 1945) AS AN INMATE IN AUSCHWITZ AND OTHER NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMPS, THE FOOD OF THE DEAD FOR THE LIVING, PAINTED CIRCA 1950
42. The implementation of the policies of extermination shown in the image is most directly explained by which of the following aspects of Nazi ideology?
(A) The idea that Germans descended from a master “Aryan” race (B) The idea that some minority populations could eventually be Germanized (C) The idea that minority populations within Germany were somehow responsible for its defeat during the First World War (D) The idea that Germany needed to expand its postwar borders in order to provide “living space” for its people
Answer: (C)
43. The image can best help explain which of the following differences between the Nazi program of genocide and other acts of genocide in the early twentieth century?
(A) The Nazis persecuted specific ethnic and religious groups because they viewed them as threats to the state. (B) The Nazis industrialized the killing process, allowing them to commit murder on a massive scale. (C) The Nazis attempted to conceal their atrocities from the larger international community. (D) The Nazis committed their crimes during the course of a major international conflict.
Answer: (B)
44. Which of the following most directly explains the Nazis’ ability to carry out the policies of extermination shown in the image?
(A) Jews in many regions of Europe had been restricted to certain occupations and had to live in ghettos until the nineteenth century. (B) Many European Jews emigrated to Palestine after the First World War following the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the region. (C) Local populations collaborated with the regime either out of racial prejudice, fear, or hopes for material gain. (D) Nazi officials used propaganda to convince local populations that German occupation would benefit and liberate them.
Answer: (C)
45. Which of the following was the major long-term political effect of the Great Depression?
(A) Governments began to take a more active role in economic life. (B) Labor unions in industrialized states dominated political life. (C) Philanthropic organizations provided relief for disadvantaged children (D) Governments created policies to restrict international trade.
Answer: (A)
46. “Chicken Tikka Massala is now a true British national dish, not only because it is the most popular, but because it is a perfect illustration of the way Britain absorbs and adapts external influences. Chicken Tikka is an Indian dish. The Massala sauce was added to satisfy the desire of British people to have their meat served in gravy.” Robin Cook, British Foreign Secretary, speech, 2001 The development of the British cuisine described in the excerpted speech above is best seen as an example of which of the following?
(A) The effects of migration by former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (B) The spread of culture through new communication technology (C) The global spread of western popular and consumer culture (D) The resistance to immigration by nativist groups
Answer: (A)
47. In order to achieve victory in China and Vietnam, Asian communists such as Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh did which of the following?
(A) Relied on the leadership of educated urban elites and factory workers. (B) Retained key elements of Confucianism while deposing the traditional elites. (C) Gained the support of fascists in the Second World War to defeat local enemies. (D) Adapted their revolutionary theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants.
Answer: (D)
NUMBER OF NUCLEAR BOMBS OR WARHEADS BY NATION, 1945 TO 2000
| Year | United States | Russia or Soviet Union | Other Nations | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | 2 | — | — | 2 |
| 1950 | 299 | 5 | — | 304 |
| 1955 | 2,422 | 200 | 10 | 2,632 |
| 1960 | 18,638 | 1,627 | 105 | 20,370 |
| 1965 | 31,139 | 6,144 | 308 | 37,591 |
| 1970 | 26,008 | 11,736 | 486 | 38,230 |
| 1975 | 27,519 | 19,235 | 888 | 47,642 |
| 1980 | 24,104 | 30,665 | 986 | 55,755 |
| 1985 | 23,368 | 38,582 | 974 | 62,924 |
| 1990 | 21,392 | 32,980 | 1,404 | 55,776 |
| 1995 | 10,904 | 18,179 | 1,031 | 30,114 |
| 2000 | 10,577 | 12,188 | 1,081 | 23,846 |
Data adapted from https://ourworldindata.org/nuclear-weapons.
48. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table between 1945 and 1985 is best understood in which of the following contexts?
(A) Decolonization of empires in Asia and Africa (B) Competition between Western and communist powers (C) The second industrial revolution (D) The outbreak of the Second World War
Answer: (B)
49. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table after 1985 is best explained by which of the following?
(A) The spread of communism in Eastern Europe (B) Proxy wars in Asia and Africa (C) Globalization and the development of international economic unions (D) The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War
Answer: (D)
50. Which of the following is the most serious limitation of the table as a source of information on the comparative military capabilities of nuclear powers?
(A) It does not include data on the total destructive power of the nuclear stockpiles of each nation. (B) It does not include data on the economic output (gross domestic product) of each nation. (C) It does not include data on the number of people in each nation injured or killed by weapons of mass destruction. (D) It does not include data on the average life expectancy of the population of each nation.
Answer: (A)
“APPEAL Activists from diverse groups and movements around the world are discussing, networking and organizing for an INTERNATIONAL DAY OF ACTION on November 30th [1999]. On this day, officials of 150 governments will meet in Seattle for the 3rd conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO), at which they will decide on new policies that will further escalate the exploitation of our planet and its people by the global economic system. They will attempt to push through a new version of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and further neoliberalization through a new round of free trade talks. We now call for COMMUNITIES, GRASSROOTS GROUPS, AND INDIVIDUALS around the world to organize their own independent actions, protests, and carnivals against economic globalization on November 30th. We realize that no issue is isolated, be it exploitation of workers, the peasant farmers going bankrupt, the indigenous peoples getting displaced by ‘development’ programs, or our environment being destroyed. We also realize that we must act together against the social, political, and economic institutions of the global economy. Our day of action on November 30th should follow the example of the day of action we organized on June 18th of this year. On that day, separate grassroots movements in over 30 countries on all continents staged protests against the global economic system. The day saw for instance marches by workers in Bangladesh and Pakistan; a mock ‘trade conference’ by Uruguayan activists; thousands of people in a carnival-style protest in London’s financial district; occupations and street parties in Spain, Italy, USA, and Canada; ten thousand people in Nigeria protesting the actions of the global oil businesses; and, in Melbourne [Australia], a prominent politician hit with a cream pie and the offices of a multinational logging corporation blockaded with dead wombats. LET OUR RESISTANCE BE AS TRANSNATIONAL AS CAPITAL!” Appeal by the “November 30 Day of Action Collective,” an activist group, published online, 1999
51. Which of the following types of data would most likely demonstrate a positive effect of economic globalization and thereby undermine the authors’ argument regarding free trade?
(A) Data on healthcare expenditure per capita in Western Europe and North America in the 1990s (B) Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s (C) Data on employment levels in traditional manufacturing areas of developed countries, such as the United States Rust Belt or the British Midlands, in the 1990s (D) Data on the global growth of HIV infections in the 1990s
Answer: (B)
52. In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the “global economic system” such as the ones called for in the passage?
(A) Global military tensions resulting from the expansion of NATO (B) Rising concerns over environmental problems such as air pollution and ozone layer depletion (C) The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order (D) The continuing reoccurrence of famines, civil wars, and other humanitarian crises in Third World countries, despite international efforts to address these crises
Answer: (C)
53. The actions outlined in the last paragraph best illustrate which of the following weaknesses of the anti-globalization movement?
(A) The anti-globalization movement encompassed too many different groups around the world and advocated too many different goals to be truly effective. (B) The anti-globalization movement focused on social problems arising from cultural or racial bias, but neglected problems arising from economic inequality. (C) The anti-globalization movement did not make effective use of new communication technologies to broaden its appeal. (D) The anti-globalization movement advocated revolutionary methods of political change.
Answer: (A)
NUMBER OF NUCLEAR BOMBS OR WARHEADS BY NATION, 1945 TO 2000
| Year | United States | Russia or Soviet Union | Other Nations | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | 2 | — | — | 2 |
| 1950 | 299 | 5 | — | 304 |
| 1955 | 2,422 | 200 | 10 | 2,632 |
| 1960 | 18,638 | 1,627 | 105 | 20,370 |
| 1965 | 31,139 | 6,144 | 308 | 37,591 |
| 1970 | 26,008 | 11,736 | 486 | 38,230 |
| 1975 | 27,519 | 19,235 | 888 | 47,642 |
| 1980 | 24,104 | 30,665 | 986 | 55,755 |
| 1985 | 23,368 | 38,582 | 974 | 62,924 |
| 1990 | 21,392 | 32,980 | 1,404 | 55,776 |
| 1995 | 10,904 | 18,179 | 1,031 | 30,114 |
| 2000 | 10,577 | 12,188 | 1,081 | 23,846 |
Data adapted from https://ourworldindata.org/nuclear-weapons.
54. Changes in the overall number of nuclear weapons shown in the table contributed most directly to which of the following international developments?
(A) Revolutionary movements in colonized African countries (B) Mass violence caused by ethnic or ideological conflicts (C) Institutions investing in economic development in newly independent nations (D) International efforts to promote peace and security
Answer: (D)
55. The primary technology shown in the table contributed most directly to advances in which of the following areas?
(A) Internet and cellular communications (B) Energy production (C) Medical vaccines and antibiotics (D) Genetically modified agriculture
Answer: (B)
Answer Key¶
| # | Answer | Unit | Original ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | (B) | Unit 1 | P2-Q7 |
| 2 | (A) | Unit 1 | P3-Q8 |
| 3 | (C) | Unit 1 | P23-Q8 |
| 4 | (D) | Unit 1 | P26-Q1 |
| 5 | (A) | Unit 1 | P37-Q12 |
| 6 | (C) | Unit 2 | P42-Q1 |
| 7 | (D) | Unit 2 | P42-Q2 |
| 8 | (C) | Unit 2 | P42-Q3 |
| 9 | (D) | Unit 2 | P43-Q4 |
| 10 | (D) | Unit 2 | P43-Q5 |
| 11 | (C) | Unit 2 | P44-Q6 |
| 12 | (A) | Unit 3 | P51-Q5 |
| 13 | (D) | Unit 3 | P52-Q6 |
| 14 | (D) | Unit 3 | P55-Q7 |
| 15 | (C) | Unit 3 | P55-Q8 |
| 16 | (A) | Unit 3 | P55-Q9 |
| 17 | (D) | Unit 3 | P68-Q41 |
| 18 | (D) | Unit 3 | P69-Q42 |
| 19 | (D) | Unit 4 | P94-Q13 |
| 20 | (A) | Unit 4 | P94-Q14 |
| 21 | (C) | Unit 4 | P95-Q15 |
| 22 | (D) | Unit 4 | P111-Q61 |
| 23 | (A) | Unit 4 | P111-Q62 |
| 24 | (B) | Unit 4 | P125-Q1 |
| 25 | (C) | Unit 4 | P148-Q47 |
| 26 | (B) | Unit 5 | P174-Q15 |
| 27 | (A) | Unit 5 | P174-Q16 |
| 28 | (A) | Unit 5 | P174-Q17 |
| 29 | (B) | Unit 5 | P176-Q21 |
| 30 | (B) | Unit 5 | P176-Q22 |
| 31 | (A) | Unit 5 | P188-Q49 |
| 32 | (D) | Unit 5 | P208-Q12 |
| 33 | (B) | Unit 6 | P232-Q10 |
| 34 | (C) | Unit 6 | P232-Q11 |
| 35 | (A) | Unit 6 | P232-Q12 |
| 36 | (D) | Unit 6 | P232-Q13 |
| 37 | (D) | Unit 6 | P245-Q39 |
| 38 | (B) | Unit 6 | P246-Q40 |
| 39 | (B) | Unit 6 | P246-Q41 |
| 40 | (B) | Unit 6 | P269-Q12 |
| 41 | (B) | Unit 7 | P283-Q1 |
| 42 | (C) | Unit 7 | P307-Q51 |
| 43 | (B) | Unit 7 | P307-Q52 |
| 44 | (C) | Unit 7 | P307-Q53 |
| 45 | (A) | Unit 7 | P310-Q57 |
| 46 | (A) | Unit 8 | P317-Q1 |
| 47 | (D) | Unit 8 | P330-Q35 |
| 48 | (B) | Unit 8 | P349-Q79 |
| 49 | (D) | Unit 8 | P349-Q80 |
| 50 | (A) | Unit 8 | P350-Q81 |
| 51 | (B) | Unit 9 | P369-Q9 |
| 52 | (C) | Unit 9 | P369-Q10 |
| 53 | (A) | Unit 9 | P369-Q11 |
| 54 | (D) | Unit 9 | P398-Q71 |
| 55 | (B) | Unit 9 | P398-Q72 |