AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 9: Globalization (1900–present) (Part B)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：35 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：35 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 9: Globalization (1900–present)
- 本部分：Part B（35 题）
P382-Q38. Which of the following was the most recent to experience rapid growth in industrial output?
(A) Brazil (B) Germany (C) England (D) Canada (E) Japan
Answer: (A)
P382-Q39. Which of the following contributed most to the demographic changes shown on the graph above?
(A) Eradication of epidemic diseases in South Asia (B) Decreasing level of civilian casualties during military conflicts (C) Diffusion of Green Revolution technology (D) Increasing fertility rates in western Europe
Answer: (C)
“The present world is an open one. China’s past backwardness was due to its closed-door policy [to trade]. After the founding of the People’s Republic, we were blockaded by others and so the country remained closed to some extent, which created great difficulties for us. We are suggesting that we should develop a little faster and open up to the outside. So, we have opened fourteen medium and large coastal cities to foreign investment, manufacturing, and trade. Our socialist economic base is so huge that it can absorb tens and hundreds of billions of dollars of foreign funds without shaking our socialist foundations. Thus, foreign investment will serve as a major supplement to the building of socialism in our country. We believe that the road we have chosen—building socialism with Chinese characteristics—is the right one. We have followed this road for five and a half years and the pace of development has so far exceeded our expectations.” Deng Xiaoping, leader of the communist party of China, speech to a Japanese delegation, 1984
P383-Q40. A supporter of free-market policies in the late twentieth century would have most likely explained that the policy argued for in the passage did not sufficiently
(A) protect Chinese workers because foreign companies could lower their wages (B) liberalize the Chinese economy because only fourteen cities were opened to foreign investment and trade (C) outline a path for China to maintain its social welfare programs while liberalizing the economy (D) establish a regulatory system to restrict foreign companies from taking business away from Chinese firms
Answer: (B)
P383-Q41. All of the following statements about the 1980s and 1990s are factually accurate. Which could have best been cited at the time to explain a limitation in Deng Xiaoping’s arguments about the benefits of enacting the reforms proposed in the passage?
(A) The economic production of many communist states declined partly because they did not have the capital to invest in new manufacturing centers or repair existing centers. (B) Some Asian states were forced to adopt free-trade, open-market policies as part of receiving economic assistance from the International Monetary Fund. (C) Some Asian states reformed their economies based both on free-trade, open-market policies and the Japanese model of close cooperation between the government bureaucracy and large corporations. (D) The Soviet Union collapsed in part because the implementation of economic liberalization policies exposed the weakness of its economy.
Answer: (D)
P383-Q42. Which of the following economic developments in the late twentieth century could best be cited to explain a limitation of the path of economic development alluded to in the passage?
(A) Although China liberalized its economy, it often used its newly created wealth to increase its influence in various world regions, such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America, often with controversial results. (B) While Asian states such as China experienced economic growth because of liberal economic reforms, agricultural subsidies in Western nations prevented rural areas from experiencing the same rates of growth as urban areas. (C) While economic liberalization in Asian states such as China made Asia a center of global manufacturing, Western states became knowledge economies, which allowed for higher wages and standards of living for their populations. (D) Although China enacted economic reforms, the state maintained tight control over much of the economy, which in some cases allowed bureaucrats to prevent market distortions and transfer capital to important firms quickly.
Answer: (C)
P384-Q43. Which of the following best explains the differences in the major causes of death experienced by high-income countries versus low-income countries during the early twenty-first century?
(A) Prevalence of cancer causing pollutants in high-income countries (B) Acceptance of contraception in high-income countries (C) Greater access to long-term medical care in low-income countries (D) Changing lifestyle habits and greater longevity in high-income countries
Answer: (D)
“Our country needs a large population to utilize and exploit its land and natural resources. In general, the way to increase a country’s population is to increase the number of births and to decrease the number of deaths. Some European states adopt a number of methods to increase their birth rates: (1) additional government services are provided to people who are married and have many children; (2) discounts and tax rebates on expenses related to the education of children are provided; (3) awards are given to families with many children.
In Iran, due to the special impact of our national morals and religious traditions, families have many children. Therefore, the best means to increase the Iranian population is to take measures to decrease the death rate. More governmental physicians and health officials are needed to prevent the wasting of the country’s human capital.
Due to the lack of literature on child rearing available to Iranian mothers, and due to the absence of sufficient means for the treatment of ill children, more than 50% of all children born to Iranian families die before the age of seven. Through instructions and acquainting people with the literature on child rearing, as well as by providing families with free medical treatment, at least 90% of children could live to reach adolescence. In this context, patriotic women’s organizations must carry out serious and efficient actions to help invigorate the management of the country’s health.”
Fereydun Keshavarz, Iranian pediatrician, article published in an Iranian newspaper, 1937
P385-Q44. Keshavarz’ analysis in the third paragraph of the difficulties of growing Iran’s population best reflects which of the following demographic realities in the early twentieth century?
(A) Effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over their fertility. (B) Diseases associated with poverty and underdevelopment were still prevalent in most world regions. (C) Military conflicts led to population decreases in many countries, followed by postwar baby booms. (D) The Green Revolution dramatically increased agricultural productivity and led to rapid population growth.
Answer: (B)
P385-Q45. In the late twentieth century, which of the following factors would most directly enable governments around the world to achieve the public policy goals outlined in Keshavarz’ article?
(A) The spread of radical nationalist and religious movements (B) The political and legal emancipation of women (C) Advances in medicine, such as vaccines and antibiotics (D) Advances in communication, such as television and the Internet
Answer: (C)
P385-Q46. The rise to economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s entailed
(A) the creation of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere by Japan (B) the emphasis on producing high-value consumer goods for export (C) the dominance of China’s Four Modernizations policy (D) huge imports of oil, cars, and electronics into the region from the United States (E) the decline of the European Economic Community
Answer: (B)
P386-Q47. Which of the following was a major effect of the globalization of the world economy during the last decade of the twentieth and the first decade of the twenty-first century?
(A) The growth of central economic planning in former communist countries (B) A decrease in global migration by people searching for better economic opportunities (C) An overall narrowing of the income gap worldwide (D) Rapid economic growth in many countries that lowered trade barriers and increased their participation in global trade
Answer: (D)
P386-Q48. Which of the following was a significant environmental effect of the globalization of the world’s economy in the period 1980 to the present?
(A) There was a significant improvement in air and water quality worldwide. (B) While air and water quality generally improved in the developed world, they deteriorated in many parts of the developing world. (C) Emissions of greenhouse gasses that contribute to global warming generally decreased. (D) While biodiversity decreased in the developing world, it generally increased in the developed world.
Answer: (B)
P386-Q49. Some historians have argued that at the end of the twentieth century, many governments encouraged free-market economic policies. Which of the following best supports this argument?
(A) The election of presidents who represented workers’ parties in Venezuela and Brazil (B) The creation of a legal framework for privatization of previously state-owned enterprises in China (C) The production of oil in Iran by the government-owned National Iranian Oil Company (D) The expansion of the federal Medicare and Medicaid programs in the United States Graph 1: Total Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graph 2: Share of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graphs based on data from www.OurWorldInData.org
Answer: (B)
Graph 1: Total Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graph 2: Share of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graphs based on data from www.OurWorldInData.org
P387-Q50. The overall trend in global carbon dioxide emissions as shown in Graph 1 was primarily caused by the
(A) increased use of petroleum and other fossil fuels (B) destruction of rain forests and expansion of deserts (C) development of genetically modified crops (D) proliferation of nuclear weapons
Answer: (A)
P387-Q51. The trend in Graph 1 most directly led to which of the following?
(A) International efforts to help newly independent nations address air pollution in their major cities (B) Debates regarding the causes and extent of humanity’s contributions to climate change (C) Binding international commitments to break up the big multinational energy companies (D) The growing popularity of nuclear power as an alternative energy source
Answer: (B)
P388-Q52. The environmental processes illustrated by the two graphs are most closely associated with
(A) An increase in biodiversity in many regions (B) A decline in soil fertility rates in many regions (C) An increase in epidemic diseases in many regions (D) A decline in air and water quality in many regions
Answer: (D)
P388-Q53. The trends for China and India in Graph 2 are best understood in the context of the
(A) regional economic impact of the Great Leap Forward on industrial production (B) breakup of European colonial empires in the aftermath of the Second World War (C) shift of industrial production toward Asia beginning in the late twentieth century (D) efforts of international financial organizations to encourage greater cooperation among countries
Answer: (C)
P388-Q54. Which of the following was the most immediate cause of global economic integration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century?
(A) Increased dependence on cheap oil from the middle east (B) Population growth in the developing world (C) Decreases in the cost of long-distance communication and transportation (D) Regulation of air and water pollution in the developed world
Answer: (C)
P388-Q55. Which of the following is characteristic of the Green Revolution of the 1960s through the 1980s?
(A) It restored tropical forests destroyed by slash-and-burn agriculture. (B) It prevented oil exploration in the natural habitats of endangered species. (C) It sought to limit the use of nuclear energy. (D) It used new technologies to increase agricultural yields in developing regions.
Answer: (D)
THE BLACK COUNTRY, ANONYMOUS ENGRAVING DEPICTING THE ENGLISH TOWN OF OLDBURY, CIRCA 1850 Historical Images Archive / Alamy Stock Photo
P389-Q56. Which of the following best explains how the technological processes, reflected in the image, influenced the twentieth-century world?
(A) The proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War threatened global destruction. (B) Increased mobility resulted in the spread of new infectious diseases. (C) The release of greenhouse gases contributed to debates about the nature of climate change. (D) New medical advances, such as antibiotics and immunizations, significantly increased the global population.
Answer: (C)
In theory, all of the peoples of the world, though different in their degree of civilization and enlightenment are created equal and are brothers before God. As universal love advances, the theory goes, and as the regulations of international law are put into place, the entire world will soon be at peace. This theory is currently espoused mainly by Western Christian ministers or by persons who are enamored of that religion. However, when we leave this fiction and look at the facts regarding international relations today, we find them shockingly different. Do nations honor treaties? We find not the slightest evidence that they do. When countries break treaties, there are no courts to judge them. Therefore, whether a treaty is honored or not depends entirely on the financial and military powers of the countries involved. Money and soldiers are not for the protection of existing principles; they are the instruments for the creation of principles where none exist.
There are those moralists who would sit and wait for the day when all wars would end. Yet in my opinion the Western nations are growing ever stronger in the skills of war. In recent years, these countries devise strange new weapons and day by day increase their standing armies. One can argue that that is truly useless, truly stupid. Yet if others are working on being stupid, then I must respond in kind. If others are violent, then I too must become violent. International politics is the way of force rather than the way of virtue—and we should accept that.”
Yukichi Fukuzawa, Japanese intellectual, Commentary on the Current Problems, 1881
P390-Q57. Which of the following international organizations were founded upon principles that were in direct opposition to the approach to international politics advocated in the second paragraph?
(A) Regional trade agreements such as ASEAN and Mercosur (B) International economic institutions promoting free trade, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (C) Cold War military alliances such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact (D) Collective security and cooperation organizations, such as the League of Nations and the United Nations
Answer: (D)
JAPANESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1890–1975
| Year | Real Per Capita Income (in dollars) | Industrial Production as a Percentage of Gross National Product | Heavy Industry as a Percentage of Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 57 | 9.8% | 12.1% |
| 1900 | 81 | 29.8% | 17.5% |
| 1910 | 88 | 23.1% | 31.9% |
| 1920 | 112 | 27% | 46% |
| 1930 | 192 | 28.6% | 50% |
| 1938 | 225 | 34.5% | 63.2% |
| 1948 | 128 | 30.8% | 56% |
| 1958 | 276 | 33.5% | 57.7% |
| 1968 | 750 | 38% | 71% |
| 1975 | 1500 | N/A | 74.4% |
Source: Adapted from William V. Rapp, "Firm Size and Japan's Export Structure." Found online at https://web.njit.edu/~rappw/C-061.pdf.
P391-Q58. The economic trends shown in the table for the period 1958–1975 most directly illustrate which of the following changes in the global economy in the second half of the twentieth century?
(A) An increase in Western exports to Asian countries (B) The shift of manufacturing to East and Southeast Asia (C) The relative decline of traditional manufacturing because of the rising economic power of China (D) An increase in state ownership of industrial sectors of the economy
Answer: (B)
“I have longed to make the acquaintance of a ‘modern girl,’ that proud, independent girl who has all my sympathy! I do not belong to the Indian world, but to that of my sisters who are struggling forward in the distant West. If the laws of my land permitted it, I would be like the new woman in Europe; but age-long traditions that cannot be broken hold us back. Someday those traditions will loosen and let us go, but it may be three, four generations after us. Oh, you do not know what it is to love this young, new age with heart and soul, and yet to be bound hand and foot, chained by all the laws, customs, and conventions of one’s land. All our institutions are directly opposed to the progress for which I so long for the sake of our people. Day and night I wonder by what means our ancient traditions could be overcome. But it was not the voices alone which reached me from that distant, bright, new-born Europe, which made me long for a change in existing conditions for women. Even in my childhood, the word ‘emancipation’ enchanted my ears and awakened in me an ever- growing longing for freedom and independence—a longing to stand alone.” Raden Adjeng Kartini, Javanese noblewoman in Dutch Indonesia, letter to a friend, Java, 1899
P392-Q59. Kartini’s goals were most clearly advanced by which of the following during the early twentieth century?
(A) Nationalist rebellions against imperial rule (B) The spread of neoliberal economic policies (C) New institutions of global cooperation and governance (D) New concepts of rights and citizenship
Answer: (D)
Source 1: “Any attempt on our part to improve nutrition in Gambia by increased cultivation of foodstuffs will no doubt have to come at the expense of the cultivation of cash crops and would therefore have the adverse economic consequence, in the early stages, of reducing the revenue of the colony. It is hoped, however, that this would be offset by an improvement in the health of the people, leading in time to increased strength and activity which might encourage Gambian farmers to cultivate both more extensively and more intensively than they do at present, resulting ultimately in greater production of cash crops.” Letter from the British governor of the West African colony of Gambia to the British Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 1936 Source 2: “Improvements in nutrition in Kenya must, as a matter of greatest importance, involve efforts to educate African women, to whom falls the care of the home and children. The African housewife is no less a creature of domestic habits and prejudices than her European counterpart, and her support has to be enlisted if progress is to be made in any of the activities surrounding nutrition. She plays a predominant part in such matters, being in most cases the cultivator as well as the cook.” Letter from a Kenyan medical officer to the British Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 1937
P392-Q60. The author’s perspective in Source 2 best illustrates the fact that
(A) agricultural production was still carried out by small family units, even in industrialized countries (B) notions of women’s inferiority were still widespread, even among advocates for greater women’s rights (C) literacy rates among rural women expanded greatly, even as formal education remained limited mostly to the upper and middle classes (D) African women enjoyed a great degree of economic independence, even as colonial authorities sought to take it away from them
Answer: (B)
P393-Q61. Which of the following late-twentieth-century developments most directly helped resolve the dilemma (expressed in Source 1) between producing enough food and producing cash crops to grow the economy?
(A) Decolonization (B) The Green Revolution (C) Globalization of consumer culture (D) Outsourcing of industrial manufacturing to East and South Asia
Answer: (B)
Source 1: “At the end of the First World War, the League of Nations had been designed to implement the principle of ‘collective security.’ This was the principle that, wherever an act of ‘aggression’ occurred, the whole international community would combine to defend the victim of that aggression. In so doing, the League would defend not only the particular country concerned, but peace itself. . . . In theory this system should have been foolproof. If the principle had been fully implemented, no nation would have ever taken action to breach the peace because doing so would have united against it the combined forces of the rest of the world. Japan would not have invaded Manchuria. Italy would not have invaded Ethiopia. Nazi Germany would not have invaded Czechoslovakia or Poland. The fact that these things did nonetheless happen suggests that there was something wrong with the theory. What this was was clear: while nations would readily accept the abstract theory of ‘collective security,’ they were not usually willing, in concrete situations, to undergo the strenuous sacrifices involved in going to war to fulfill it.” Evan Luard, historian, “The Lessons of the League,” introduction to a history of the United Nations, published 1982 Source 2: “The founders of the UN created a system which theoretically prohibited states from using force unilaterally other than in self-defense. Instead, the system aimed to centralize the use of force under the control of the UN’s Security Council. Under the UN Charter, the Security Council was to act in cases of breaches of peace and acts of aggression. It could take measures such as political and economic sanctions or measures involving the use of force. The Security Council was to have its own standing army and a Military Staff Committee. . . . However, the Charter’s collective security scheme did not operate as planned. Not surprising, the prohibition on the use of force did not stop states from using force—there have been over 100 major conflicts since 1945. Especially during the Cold War, the veto (or the threat of veto) by the five Permanent Members—the USA, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China—obstructed the Council’s ability to act. A standing UN army that could maintain or restore international peace was never established. Nevertheless, the UN system proved sufficiently flexible to allow the Security Council to take action in ways not expressly provided for in the Charter. The UN created the institution of peacekeeping, even though there was no express basis for it in the Charter. UN peacekeeping operations were to be conducted with the consent of the host state, to be impartial in nature, and were not to involve the use of force by the peacekeepers, except in self-defense. Despite these limitations and the ongoing problem of securing adequate resources, peacekeeping has been a relatively effective way of containing some international conflicts.” Christine Gray, international relations expert, “The Charter Limitations on the Use of Force: Theory and Practice,” scholarly article, 2008
P394-Q62. Which of the following is a similarity between the two historical interpretations above?
(A) Both interpretations are written from an overtly nationalist perspective that questions the very idea of international cooperation to resolve conflicts. (B) Both interpretations offer critical evaluations of the effectiveness of international organizations relative to their respective missions. (C) Both interpretations use newly discovered evidence to re-evaluate commonly held views about the primary purpose of international organizations. (D) Both interpretations focus on foundational principles such as collective security but neglect to provide historical details on how international organizations sought to implement these principles.
Answer: (B)
P395-Q63. Based on the two passages, the authors would most likely have agreed that
(A) international organizations dedicated to maintaining world peace need to have effective enforcement mechanisms (B) both the League of Nations and the United Nations were completely ineffective (C) giving UN Security Council veto power to communist countries such as the Soviet Union and China was a mistake (D) the shortage of funding from member states was the main reason for the organizational challenges experienced by both the League and the UN
Answer: (A)
P395-Q64. Based on the passages, which of the following best explains why Luard’s assessment of the League of Nations in Source 1 differs from Gray’s assessment of the United Nations in Source 2 ?
(A) Source 1 adopts a realist rather than an idealist perspective, making it more objective than Source 2. (B) Source 1 explicitly sets out to examine the League of Nations as a failed precursor of the United Nations, making it more biased than Source 2 from the start. (C) Source 2 considers both intended and unintended effects, making it more nuanced than Source 1. (D) Source 2 is closer in time to its subject, making it likelier that it made use of more interviews and eyewitness accounts than Source 1 did.
Answer: (C)
Source 1 did. *According to the Bible, Pontius Pilate was the Roman governor of Judaea at the time of Jesus of Nazareth’s trial and crucifixion.
P395-Q65. Which of the following late-twentieth-century developments best explains why Mejía Godoy’s characterizations of Christ and Pontius Pilate in the poem might have resonated with people living in Nicaragua in the 1970s? From Religion in Latin America: A Documentary History. Copyright © 2006 by Lee M. Penyak and Walter J. Petry. Reprinted by permission of Orbis Books, Maryknoll, New York. All rights reserved. “I believe in you, Christ the worker, light of light and true only-begotten son of God. I believe that you were martyred on the cross, by Pilate* the Roman imperialist, malicious and soulless. I believe in you, my companion, the Human Christ, the worker Christ, Conqueror of death, who with immense sacrifice, created the new man for liberation. You are resurrected in each arm that is raised to defend the people from exploitative rule, because you are alive on the ranch, in the factory, in school; I believe in your fight without let up, I believe in your resurrection.” Carlos Mejía Godoy, Nicaraguan poet, “Creed,” part of a collection of poems titled The Nicaraguan Peasant’s Mass, 1979
(A) Consumer culture became more global. (B) People in many parts of the world became less religious. (C) Gender relations in many parts of the world became more egalitarian. (D) Economic inequalities between rich and poor countries increased.
Answer: (D)
P396-Q66. The poem can best be seen as an example of the way in which literature and the arts in the late twentieth century became expressions of
(A) cultural exclusion and elitism (B) activism and political engagement (C) individualism and introspection (D) cultural blending and syncretism
Answer: (B)
P396-Q67. Mejía Godoy’s interpretation of Christianity in the poem most clearly shows that rights-based movements in the late twentieth century were directly influenced by which of the following?
(A) Socialist ideas (B) Atheist ideas (C) Nationalist ideas (D) Racist ideas
Answer: (A)
“Article 1. The feudal marriage system, which is based on the superiority of man over woman, is abolished. The New Democratic marriage system is based on free choice of partners, on equal rights for both sexes, and on protection of the lawful interests of women and children. . . . Article 3. Marriage shall be based on the complete willingness of the two parties. Article 7. Husband and wife shall have equal status in the home. . . . Article 8. Husband and wife are bound to love, respect, and assist each other, to engage in production, to care for the children, and to strive jointly for the building up of a new society. Article 9. Husband and wife shall both have the right to free choice of occupation and free choice of participation in work or in social activities.” Marriage law from the People’s Republic of China, 1950
P396-Q68. The document is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments after 1900 ?
(A) Growing demands in many countries that women be given the right to vote (B) Greater freedom of women to make professional and personal choices (C) Women taking on industrial jobs previously done by men during times of war (D) Widening disparities in the opportunities available to middle-class and working-class women
Answer: (B)
P397-Q69. Which of the following types of sources would likely be most useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the 1950 marriage law in bringing about social change in China?
(A) A memoir by a communist party official who was involved in the passage of the law (B) A documentary about the lives of Chinese women produced by a Chinese government film studio (C) A private diary by a married woman describing her daily work and family-related responsibilities (D) A propaganda poster depicting the ideal communist family, featuring a working mother and father and a happy child
Answer: (C)
I think we should continue to emphasize the history and culture of the West, while encompassing the rest, because the West has in fact made the world we know. Anyone who wants to participate in the world community in the coming century had better know how and why the West has defined, and will continue to define, world civilization. Why do I say that? Because everybody wants what we have: science and technology, prosperity, and democracy—that is, our philosophy, our economics, our politics. It is the simple truth that science and technology emerge out of Western philosophy, not out of the philosophy of India, China, or the African nations. Since it is a fact that people everywhere aspire to the material advantages that flow, uniquely I think, from the modes of social organization that the West has devised—its economics, its science and technology, and also its politics and philosophy—I think it is time to stop apologizing and start analyzing what has made [the West] the world-defining power that it is.” Jacob Neusner, historian, “It is Time to Stop Apologizing for Western Civilization and to Start Analyzing Why It Defines World Culture,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989
P397-Q70. Which of the following would most directly challenge the author’s argument that people all over the world aspire to imitate the West?
(A) The market reforms undertaken by Deng Xiaoping in China after the Cultural Revolution (B) The increasing global influence of American popular culture (C) The development of international free market institutions such as the World Trade Organization (D) The growth of fundamentalist religious movements advocating theocratic government
Answer: (D)