AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 9: Globalization (1900–present) (Part A)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：35 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：35 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 9: Globalization (1900–present)
- 本部分：Part A（35 题）
P365-Q1. “The poor live their Christian faith and proclaim their hope in the midst of inhuman misery and poverty, resulting from above all the unjust social structures that favor a privileged minority.” Gustavo Guitiérrez, Peruvian priest and founder of the liberation theology movement, 1985 Which of the following examples best represents the philosophy of liberation theology as expressed by Guitiérrez in the passage above?
(A) Latin American Communist leaders redistributed land to their poorest citizens. (B) Latin American religious clergy fought for economic and social justice. (C) Latin American churches promoted material wealth for their faithful congregants. (D) Latin American governments guaranteed freedom of religion for their citizens.
Answer: (B)
P365-Q2. “We can no longer be content with writing only the history of the victorious elites, or with detailing the subjugation of dominated ethnic groups . . . We thus need to uncover the history of ‘the people without a history.’ ” Eric Wolf, anthropologist, 1982 Research on which of the following subjects would be the best example of the approach described in the exerpt above?
(A) The decision of the Ming Emperor to send Zheng He on voyages to the Indian Ocean (B) The lives of Amerindians engaged in the North American fur trade (C) The motivations for conversion to Islam in Spain after the Muslim conquest (D) The economics of the transatlantic slave trade
Answer: (B)
P365-Q3. “When one realizes the influence that the practice of physical exercises may have on the future of a country, and on the force of a whole race, one is tempted to wonder whether Greece is not likely to date a new era from the year 1896.” Pierre de Coubertin, about the first modern Olympic games in Athens, Greece, 1896 Which of the following offers the best interpretation of the passage above?
(A) The development of international organizations to promote world peace (B) The use of sports to project national and social aspirations (C) The growth and diffusion of popular culture globally (D) The influence of Social Darwinism among European elites
Answer: (B)
P366-Q4. Women won the right to vote primarily as a result of the women’s rights movement, but other factors were also important. Which of the following best helps explain the pattern in the bar graph above?
(A) The rise of organized labor and socialist parties (B) The collapse of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires (C) The world wars and decolonization (D) The Great Depression and the Cold War
Answer: (C)
P366-Q5. A demographic trend in industrialized countries worldwide in the late twentieth century was
(A) a decline in divorce rates (B) an increase in birth rates (C) a decline in family size (D) an increase in infant mortality rates (E) an increase in death rates
Answer: (C)
P367-Q6. The graph above indicates which of the following?
(A) The peoples of sub-Saharan Africa have been more affected by twentieth-century warfare than the peoples of East Asia. (B) United States aid programs have favored East Asian countries at the expense of sub-Saharan countries. (C) Per capita incomes in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have been rising steadily since independence. (D) The gap between per capita incomes in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa appears to be widening. (E) Western technology has been largely rejected by countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Answer: (D)
P368-Q7. The graph above suggest which of the following?
(A) Throughout the world, more women than men work in agriculture. (B) The number of women working in agriculture worldwide decreased sharply. (C) A greater proportion of the agricultural workforce in Europe is female than is the case outside Europe. (D) Changes in the gender balance in eastern European agriculture countered the worldwide trend. (E) Few people work in the agricultural sector in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Answer: (D)
P368-Q8. After the Second World War, countries around the world did which of the following to restore the global economy?
(A) Created the European Union to coordinate European economic aid to former colonies. (B) Developed a common economic aid package for African and Asian states. (C) Established new financial institutions, such as the World Bank. (D) Allowed the United Nations to take over failing national economies.
Answer: (C)
“APPEAL Activists from diverse groups and movements around the world are discussing, networking and organizing for an INTERNATIONAL DAY OF ACTION on November 30th [1999]. On this day, officials of 150 governments will meet in Seattle for the 3rd conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO), at which they will decide on new policies that will further escalate the exploitation of our planet and its people by the global economic system. They will attempt to push through a new version of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and further neoliberalization through a new round of free trade talks. We now call for COMMUNITIES, GRASSROOTS GROUPS, AND INDIVIDUALS around the world to organize their own independent actions, protests, and carnivals against economic globalization on November 30th. We realize that no issue is isolated, be it exploitation of workers, the peasant farmers going bankrupt, the indigenous peoples getting displaced by ‘development’ programs, or our environment being destroyed. We also realize that we must act together against the social, political, and economic institutions of the global economy. Our day of action on November 30th should follow the example of the day of action we organized on June 18th of this year. On that day, separate grassroots movements in over 30 countries on all continents staged protests against the global economic system. The day saw for instance marches by workers in Bangladesh and Pakistan; a mock ‘trade conference’ by Uruguayan activists; thousands of people in a carnival-style protest in London’s financial district; occupations and street parties in Spain, Italy, USA, and Canada; ten thousand people in Nigeria protesting the actions of the global oil businesses; and, in Melbourne [Australia], a prominent politician hit with a cream pie and the offices of a multinational logging corporation blockaded with dead wombats. LET OUR RESISTANCE BE AS TRANSNATIONAL AS CAPITAL!” Appeal by the “November 30 Day of Action Collective,” an activist group, published online, 1999
P369-Q9. Which of the following types of data would most likely demonstrate a positive effect of economic globalization and thereby undermine the authors’ argument regarding free trade?
(A) Data on healthcare expenditure per capita in Western Europe and North America in the 1990s (B) Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s (C) Data on employment levels in traditional manufacturing areas of developed countries, such as the United States Rust Belt or the British Midlands, in the 1990s (D) Data on the global growth of HIV infections in the 1990s
Answer: (B)
P369-Q10. In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the “global economic system” such as the ones called for in the passage?
(A) Global military tensions resulting from the expansion of NATO (B) Rising concerns over environmental problems such as air pollution and ozone layer depletion (C) The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order (D) The continuing reoccurrence of famines, civil wars, and other humanitarian crises in Third World countries, despite international efforts to address these crises
Answer: (C)
P369-Q11. The actions outlined in the last paragraph best illustrate which of the following weaknesses of the anti-globalization movement?
(A) The anti-globalization movement encompassed too many different groups around the world and advocated too many different goals to be truly effective. (B) The anti-globalization movement focused on social problems arising from cultural or racial bias, but neglected problems arising from economic inequality. (C) The anti-globalization movement did not make effective use of new communication technologies to broaden its appeal. (D) The anti-globalization movement advocated revolutionary methods of political change.
Answer: (A)
Image 1 BRITISH GRAFFITI ARTIST BANKSY, SALE ENDS TODAY, PAINTING, CIRCA 2010 Rebecca Sapp / Contributor
Image 2 BRITISH GRAFFITI ARTIST BANKSY, I HATE MONDAYS, PAINTING, CIRCA 2010 Banksy, I Hate Mondays, 2009
P371-Q12. Artists such as Banksy would most likely argue that the conditions in Africa alluded to in Image 2 are in large part the result of which of the following?
(A) African governments directing economic development in the aftermath of decolonization (B) African countries lacking the natural resources to support sustained economic growth (C) International economic organizations imposing free-market reforms on African states (D) Regional trade organizations advancing the interests of large African states at the expense of smaller African states
Answer: (C)
P372-Q13. Based on the images, Banksy’s work best illustrates which of the following?
(A) The trend in modern art toward experimentation with abstract techniques and styles (B) The spread of social protests against the inequalities of global economic integration (C) The attainment of greater economic and political equality for women worldwide (D) The expansion of educational opportunities in developing African, Asian, and Latin American countries
Answer: (B)
P372-Q14. Which of the following twentieth-century processes contributed most directly to the adoption of the system of cultural values to which Banksy alludes in Image 1 ?
(A) The expansion of European empires led to the expansion of market economies worldwide. (B) Greater industrial productivity and new technologies led to increased availability of consumer goods. (C) Cold War rivalries led to ideological and economic competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. (D) The continued volatility of economic cycles led many governments to enact social welfare legislation for their citizens.
Answer: (B)
WANG GUANGYI, CHINESE PAINTER, COCA-COLA, PAINTING, CIRCA 1995 Paul Strawson / Alamy The painting shows Chinese youths dressed in the style typically depicted in communist propaganda posters, but with the Coca-Cola corporate logo in the background. The painting has been displayed in several galleries and museums in China.
P373-Q15. Based on the image and its historical context, which of the following can best be inferred about the artist’s primary purpose in creating the painting?
(A) To celebrate Chinese people’s continued devotion to communist ideology and their rejection of capitalism (B) To offer an ironic commentary on the triumph of Western consumer culture in communist China (C) To support the suppression of dissident thought during the long rule of Mao Zedong (D) To make a plea for Westerners to develop a greater understanding of Chinese values
Answer: (B)
P373-Q16. The policies pursued by the Chinese government starting in the 1980s, which led to the economic situation reflected in the painting, are best seen as an example of which of the following late-twentieth-century trends?
(A) Regional economic integration (B) Expansion of the welfare state (C) Economic isolationism (D) Economic liberalization
Answer: (D)
P373-Q17. In which of the following twentieth-century historical contexts would artists have been most likely to display works that carry messages similar to that conveyed by Wang Guangyi’s painting?
(A) The Soviet Union after the death of Lenin (B) Russia after the end of the Cold War (C) South Africa under apartheid (D) Germany during Nazi rule
Answer: (B)
“Executing the directives of the International Monetary Fund, the government of the dictator Gaviria precipitously opens our borders and internal markets to big foreign capital and production. It privatizes important state enterprises and entities, lays off workers and other employees en masse, guarantees broad benefits to the owner-speculators of finance capital, removes incentives for agricultural production, and puts national producers into bankruptcy. This is the development of savage capitalism, of neo-liberalism in which economic growth opposes social well-being.” César Gaviria Trujillo, president of Colombia from 1990 to 1994 Political declaration of the Eighth Conference of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), rebel group, Colombia, 1993
P374-Q18. Based on the passage, FARC was most likely reacting against which of the following developments in the late twentieth century?
(A) The increased international tensions as a result of the Cold War (B) The effects of the Green Revolution on genetically modified foods (C) The growth of transnational indigenous movements in South America (D) The extensive influence of global financial institutions on developing countries
Answer: (D)
P374-Q19. The conditions described in the passage are best seen as a continuation of which of the following nineteenth-century developments?
(A) Attempts to regulate immigration in developing countries (B) Increases in agricultural productivity contributing to population growth (C) Nationalist rebellions against monarchical rule (D) The practice of economic imperialism by industrialized states
Answer: (D)
P374-Q20. Historians argue that the twentieth century marks a significant break in world history for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
(A) Petroleum use fundamentally changed the relationship of humans to the environment. (B) The population of the world increased from 1.6 billion to 6.1 billion people. (C) Communists established powerful new states in Russia and China. (D) Low-wage laborers migrated from continent to continent.
Answer: (D)
P375-Q21. By 1980 most industrialized countries reached a fairly stable population level, but population growth in nonindustrialized countries continued at a very high rate. The most likely explanation for this difference is that
(A) climatic shifts resulting from global warming have caused population decline in the industrialized countries (B) the “green revolution” was rejected by industrialized countries but embraced by nonindustrial countries (C) farmers in industrialized countries concentrated on growing crash crops for export rather than food crops for domestic consumption (D) pollution in industrialized countries caused a decline in human fertility rates (E) children are a more important source of labor in agricultural than in industrial societies
Answer: (E)
P375-Q22. Which of the following was the leading cause of the huge global population increase in the twentieth century?
(A) Rapid increases in per capita birth rates (B) The end of international epidemics (C) Global warming (D) The impact of public health measures (E) The elimination of world hunger
Answer: (D)
P375-Q23. What was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century?
(A) The end of international epidemics (B) Global warming and other types of climate change (C) The impact of medical innovations and public health measures (D) The reduction of world hunger
Answer: (C)
“Mr. President, I am writing you a letter which maybe you’ll read if you have the time. I have just received my army recruitment papers to report for duty in the warby Wednesday evening. Mr. President, I do not want to do that; I was not put on this earth to kill wretched people living far away. I must tell you—it’s not to make you mad— but I’ve made my decision: I am going to desert.... I will hit the road and beg for my life all over France—and I will call out to the people: ‘Refuse to obey! Refuse to do it! Don’t go to fight in the war! Just say no!’ If someone’s blood must be shed, Then shed yours, Mr. President! Lead by example! And if you decide to hunt me down, warn your police that I will be unarmed, and that they can go ahead and shoot.” a reference to the war in French Vietnam Boris Vian, French poet, “The Deserter,” 1954
P376-Q24. The response by the author to the idea of being sent to Vietnam to “kill wretched people living far away” best exemplifies which of the following late-twentieth-century global processes?
(A) The globalization of consumer culture (B) Individuals challenging established racial and cultural assumptions (C) Popular disillusionment with free-market economic policies (D) The proliferation of new weapons and military technologies
Answer: (B)
“By the 1930s, many Europeans were ready to leave behind the liberal, democratic order created after 1918 by Britain, France, and the United States for a more authoritarian future. What they did not bargain for was the brutal reality of Nazi imperialism and the denial of all national aspirations apart from German ones. . . . No experience was more crucial to the development of Europe in the twentieth century. As both Hitler and Stalin were well aware, the Second World War involved something far more profound than a series of military engagements and diplomatic negotiations; it was a struggle for the social and political future of the continent itself. And such was the shock of being subjected to a regime of unprecedented and unremitting violence that in the space of eight years a sea-change took place in Europeans’ political and social attitudes, and they rediscovered the virtues of democracy. . . .
Hitler’s war aimed at the complete racial reconstitution of Europe. There were no historical parallels for such a project. In Europe, neither Napoleon nor the Habsburgs had aimed at gaining such exclusive domination. In its violence and racism, Nazi imperialism drew more from European precedents in Asia, Africa, and—especially—the Americas. ‘When we eat wheat from Canada,’ remarked Hitler one evening during the war, ‘we don’t think about the despoiled Indians.’ On another occasion he described the Ukraine as [Germany’s] ‘new Indian Empire.’ But if Europeans would have resented being ruled as the British ruled India, they were shocked at being submitted to an experience closer to that inflicted upon the native populations of the Americas.”
Mark Mazower, British historian, Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century, 2000
P377-Q25. Which of the following post-1945 processes in Western Europe was most directly inspired by the “sea-change” in Europeans’ political and social attitudes described by Mazower in the last sentence of the first paragraph?
(A) The expanding educational and occupational opportunities for women (B) The continued decline of religiosity and church attendance (C) The rise of extremist right-wing anti-immigrant political movements (D) The initial steps toward European economic and political integration
Answer: (D)
P377-Q26. Mazower’s interpretation in the passage is most clearly informed by which of the following?
(A) Social Darwinism (B) Marxist critiques of capitalism (C) Postcolonial critiques of imperialism (D) Romantic nationalism
Answer: (C)
P377-Q27. Which of the following was a major factor that contributed to changes in family dynamics in both Great Britain and Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
(A) The migration of male indentured laborers to the Americas (B) The increased number of women in the workforce (C) The rapid rise in the number of children working in large factories (D) The large number of women elected to political office
Answer: (B)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHINA'S URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, 1950–2000 Source: Adapted from the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, “World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision,” found online at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP2004/ 2004Highlights_finalrevised.pdf
P378-Q28. Which of the following global economic developments most directly contributed to the trend shown in the chart after 1980 ?
(A) The end of communism following the collapse of the Soviet Union (B) The formation of regional trading blocs encouraging free trade (C) The increased shifting of global manufacturing to the Pacific Rim (D) The lowering of immigration restrictions for unskilled migrants because of United Nations’ treaties
Answer: (C)
P378-Q29. The demographic changes in the chart also contributed most directly to which of the following in China after circa 1990 ?
(A) Increased democratization of the Chinese political system (B) The emergence of environmentalist movements advocating for policies to curb air and water pollution (C) The rejection of Western consumer culture by China’s new middle classes (D) The spread of food shortages resulting from declining agricultural production
Answer: (B)
Source 1 Source: Iraq Ministry of Water Resources, 2010. Source 2
P379-Q30. The chart and map best illustrate which of the following aspects of human interactions with the environment in the late twentieth century?
(A) Industrialization led to increasingly hazardous levels of air and water pollution. (B) Economic development policies intensified competition over limited natural resources. (C) Urbanization dramatically expanded the per capita rates of freshwater consumption. (D) Climate change led to increasing desertification in drought-prone regions.
Answer: (B)
P380-Q31. On a global scale, which of the following directly prevented problems such as those alluded to in the map and graph from leading to population decline in the late twentieth century?
(A) The development of new forms of global communication and transportation (B) The extension of the average human life span brought about by medical advances (C) The greater social acceptance of birth control (D) The increases in average agricultural yields per acre brought about by the Green Revolution
Answer: (D)
P380-Q32. Which of the following additional pieces of information would be most directly useful in assessing the extent to which the developments reflected in Source 2 represent a threat to Iraq’s economy?
(A) Information on the total amount of foreign investment in Iraq’s economy (B) Information on the percentage of Iraqi agriculture that depends on irrigation (C) Information on the political affiliation of Iraq’s minister of water resources (D) Information on Iraq’s petroleum resources and revenues
Answer: (B)
P380-Q33. Which of the following was the most direct consequence of the widespread availability of a reliable birth control pill during the twentieth century?
(A) An increased participation of women in the workforce (B) An increased percentage of men occupying political office (C) An increased percentage of men primarily responsible for work within the household (D) An increased infant mortality rate
Answer: (A)
P380-Q34. In developed countries during the second half of the twentieth century, more effective methods of contraception contributed to which of the following?
(A) A rise in the birth rate among affluent women (B) Greater control by women over their own fertility (C) A loss of power by women within the patriarchal family (D) National suffrage movements and the acquisition of voting rights
Answer: (B)
Source 1 “I have long dreamed of buying an island owned by no nation whatsoever and of establishing the World Headquarters of the Dow company there, on the truly neutral ground of such an island, beholden to no nation or society. If we were located on such truly neutral ground, we could then operate in the United States as U.S. citizens, in Japan as Japanese citizens, and in Brazil as Brazilians rather than being governed primarily by the laws of the United States. We could even pay any native workers handsomely to move elsewhere.” Carl. A. Gerstacker, chairman of the Dow Chemical Company, a United States corporation, speech before the White House “Conference on the Industrial World Ahead,” 1972 Source 2 “I was asked the other day about United States competitiveness in the world economy. I replied that I don’t think about it at all. We at NCR think of ourselves as a globally competitive company that happens to be headquartered in the United States.” Gilbert Williamson, president of NCR Corporation, a United States technology company, interview with the New York Times, 1989
P381-Q35. The views expressed in the two passages were most directly enabled by which of the following economic trends in the late twentieth century?
(A) Many of the defeated countries in the Second World War received generous economic assistance from the United States after the war. (B) Governments in newly independent postcolonial states sought to limit their countries’ economic reliance on the former colonial powers. (C) The governments of many developed Western countries adopted policies of economic liberalization and deregulation. (D) Governments in Asia cooperated with private businesses in an effort to maximize exports and acquire foreign currencies from Europe and the United States.
Answer: (C)
P381-Q36. The corporate philosophy reflected in the two passages most directly contributed to which of the following?
(A) The inability of the Soviet-planned economy to compete successfully with the economies of the United States and other Western countries (B) The shift of manufacturing capacity from the postindustrial countries of the West to the new manufacturing centers in Asia and Latin America (C) The passage of stronger measures to safeguard workers’ and consumers’ rights in many developed countries (D) Increased popular hostility toward economic migrants and migrations in many countries
Answer: (B)
P381-Q37. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, which of the following was most directly a response to the business philosophy expressed in the two passages?
(A) Trade unionism (B) Liberation theology (C) International Socialism (D) Antiglobalization activism
Answer: (D)