AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900–present) (Part C)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：35 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：35 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900–present)
- 本部分：Part C（35 题）
P348-Q77. The founding North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is best understood in the context of which of the following?
(A) The Cold War (B) The growth of a globalized economy (C) The establishment of the Nonaligned Movement (D) The post-Second World War population boom
Answer: (A)
P348-Q78. Western-led military alliance systems such as NATO that emerged during the Cold War period sought to
(A) prevent the spread of communism (B) encourage a foreign policy independent of the United States and the Soviet Union (C) create democratic governments worldwide (D) share nuclear technology with nonaligned nations
Answer: (A)
NUMBER OF NUCLEAR BOMBS OR WARHEADS BY NATION, 1945 TO 2000
| Year | United States | Russia or Soviet Union | Other Nations | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | 2 | — | — | 2 |
| 1950 | 299 | 5 | — | 304 |
| 1955 | 2,422 | 200 | 10 | 2,632 |
| 1960 | 18,638 | 1,627 | 105 | 20,370 |
| 1965 | 31,139 | 6,144 | 308 | 37,591 |
| 1970 | 26,008 | 11,736 | 486 | 38,230 |
| 1975 | 27,519 | 19,235 | 888 | 47,642 |
| 1980 | 24,104 | 30,665 | 986 | 55,755 |
| 1985 | 23,368 | 38,582 | 974 | 62,924 |
| 1990 | 21,392 | 32,980 | 1,404 | 55,776 |
| 1995 | 10,904 | 18,179 | 1,031 | 30,114 |
| 2000 | 10,577 | 12,188 | 1,081 | 23,846 |
Data adapted from https://ourworldindata.org/nuclear-weapons.
P349-Q79. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table between 1945 and 1985 is best understood in which of the following contexts?
(A) Decolonization of empires in Asia and Africa (B) Competition between Western and communist powers (C) The second industrial revolution (D) The outbreak of the Second World War
Answer: (B)
P349-Q80. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table after 1985 is best explained by which of the following?
(A) The spread of communism in Eastern Europe (B) Proxy wars in Asia and Africa (C) Globalization and the development of international economic unions (D) The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War
Answer: (D)
P350-Q81. Which of the following is the most serious limitation of the table as a source of information on the comparative military capabilities of nuclear powers?
(A) It does not include data on the total destructive power of the nuclear stockpiles of each nation. (B) It does not include data on the economic output (gross domestic product) of each nation. (C) It does not include data on the number of people in each nation injured or killed by weapons of mass destruction. (D) It does not include data on the average life expectancy of the population of each nation.
Answer: (A)
P350-Q82. The partition of British India in 1947 created the new Muslim state of Pakistan and the predominantly Hindu state of India. The immediate result of the drawing of new geographic boundaries was
(A) a lasting nuclear nonproliferation pact between the newly created states (B) religious and ethnic violence that led to mass migrations and massacres (C) a peaceful transition to independence along the lines that Mohandas Gandhi, the nationalist and advocate of nonviolence, had envisioned (D) the peaceful annexation of Kashmir, a predominantly Muslim state, by Pakistan
Answer: (B)
“Executing the directives of the International Monetary Fund, the government of the dictator Gaviria precipitously opens our borders and internal markets to big foreign capital and production. It privatizes important state enterprises and entities, lays off workers and other employees en masse, guarantees broad benefits to the owner-speculators of finance capital, removes incentives for agricultural production, and puts national producers into bankruptcy. This is the development of savage capitalism, of neo-liberalism in which economic growth opposes social well-being.” César Gaviria Trujillo, president of Colombia from 1990 to 1994 Political declaration of the Eighth Conference of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), rebel group, Colombia, 1993
P350-Q83. The political position advocated by FARC in the passage is most consistent with which of the following in the twentieth century?
(A) Communist efforts to redistribute agricultural land to peasants (B) The increasing use of violence against civilians to achieve political aims (C) Governments’ joining regional economic blocs (D) The increasing globalization of consumer culture
Answer: (A)
P351-Q84. The relocation of Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan to India and Muslims from India to Pakistan between 1945 and 1955 reflects which of the following world historical processes?
(A) The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (B) Population resettlement caused by redrawing former colonial borders (C) The development of ethnic enclaves as these migrants moved for work (D) The seasonal migration patterns associated with temporary work
Answer: (B)
P351-Q85. Which of the following countries experienced the most rapid economic growth during the Second World War?
(A) China (B) Germany (C) Japan (D) The Soviet Union (E) The United States Poem 1
Answer: (E)
Poem 1 “The world calls us coolie. Why doesn’t our flag fly anywhere? How shall we survive, are we slaves forever? Why aren’t we involved in politics? From the beginning we have been oppressed. Why don’t we even dream of freedom? Only a handful of oppressors have taken our fields. Why has no Indian cultivator risen and protected his land? Our children cry out for want of education. Why don’t we open science colleges?” An insulting term for South or East Asian manual workers Poem 2 “Why do you sit silent in your own country You who make so much noise in foreign lands? Noise outside of India is of little avail. Pay attention to activities within India. You are quarreling and Hindu-Muslim conflict is prevalent. The jewel of India is rotting in the earth because you are fighting over the Vedas and the Koran. Go and speak with soldiers. Ask them why they are asleep, men who once held swords. Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh heroes should join together. The power of the oppressors is nothing if we unitedly attack him. Indians have been the victors in the battlefields of Burma, Egypt, China and the Sudan.”
P352-Q86. The religious tensions alluded to in Poem 2 would result most directly in which of the following?
(A) The migration of many South Asians to Great Britain (B) The development of new syncretic belief systems in India such as Sikhism and Bahaism (C) The Japanese invasion of India during the Second World War (D) The population resettlement following the partition of South Asia into India and Pakistan after independence
Answer: (D)
El Diario]: Chairman, how does the Peruvian Communist Party sustain the huge party apparatus, including the People’s Guerrilla Army? [Chairman Gonzalo]: I think this question deserves a detailed explanation. Concerning the party, Chairman Mao teaches us—as did Marx, Lenin, and all the great Marxists—that the party is not a mass party, though it has a mass character. It has a mass character in the sense that while being a select organization—a selection of the best, of the proven, of those, as Stalin said, who have what it takes—being numerically small in proportion to the broad masses, the party defends the interests of the proletariat in taking responsibility for its emancipation, which can only come with communism. But since other classes that make up the people also participate in the revolution, the party defends their interests as well. [El Diario]: Chairman, let’s talk about the people’s war now. What does violence mean to you? [Chairman Gonzalo]: We see the problem of war this way: war has two aspects, destructive and constructive. Not to see it this way undermines the revolution—weakens it. From the moment the people take up arms to overthrow the old order, the reaction [state] seeks to crush, destroy, and annihilate the struggle, and it uses all the means at its disposal, including genocide. We have seen this in our country. We are seeing it now and will continue to see it until the outmoded Peruvian state is demolished.” Interview with “Chairman Gonzalo” [Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso], leader of the Shining Path, a Peruvian revolutionary movement, 1988. The interview was conducted by the Peruvian newspaper El Diario, which was the unofficial newspaper of the Shining Path movement.
P353-Q87. The views expressed by Chairman Gonzalo in the passage are best explained in the context of which of the following historical circumstances of the late twentieth century?
(A) The expansion of the military-industrial complex in Latin American states (B) The rise of movements that challenged colonial rule in Latin America (C) The rise of separatist movements that demanded regional autonomy (D) The intensification of political conflicts between state and nonstate entities
Answer: (D)
P353-Q88. Which of the following explains the most likely purpose of Gonzalo’s answer to the second question in the interview?
(A) To call for the prosecution of those responsible for mass violence in Peru (B) To challenge the continued political influence of Western states in Latin America (C) To justify the Shining Path’s use of violence to achieve its political objectives (D) To appeal to politicians in Latin American states to adopt reforms to their respective political institutions
Answer: (C)
P353-Q89. Which of the following would likely explain Gonzalo’s theoretical discussion of the idea that “the party is not a mass party, though it has a mass character” during his answer to the first question?
(A) His intended audience was indigenous peoples in impoverished areas of Peru who fought for the Shining Path movement. (B) His intended audience was leftist intellectuals in Latin America and other regions who sympathized with communist ideology. (C) His intended audience was liberal intellectuals in Latin American governments who knew little about the differences between Leninist and Maoist ideologies. (D) His intended audience was criminal organizations in Peru that had agreed to help the Shining Path movement.
Answer: (B)
P354-Q90. Which of the following was a major similarity between the goals of leaders of the Chinese Communist Revolution, such as Mao Zedong, and the goals of leaders of the Mexican Revolution, such as Emiliano Zapata, in the early twentieth century?
(A) Advocacy of a global workers’ revolution (B) Active encouragement for integration into the global economy (C) Concern primarily with improving conditions for urban factory workers (D) Support for redistribution of land to poor peasants
Answer: (D)
“Without a revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement. The role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory. We have said that there could not have been Social- Democratic consciousness among the workers. It could only be brought to them from without. The history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own effort, is able to develop only trade union consciousness, i.e., the conviction that it is necessary to combine in unions, fight the employers, and strive to compel the government to pass necessary labor legislation. The theory of socialism, however, grew out of the philosophic, historical, and economic theories elaborated by educated representatives of the propertied classes, the intellectuals. Our worst sin with regard to organization is that by our amateurishness we have lowered the prestige of revolutionaries in Russia.” Vladimir Lenin, Russian exile in Switzerland, What Is to Be Done?, 1902
P354-Q91. Which of the following best describes a similarity between the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 ?
(A) Both were initiated in response to invasions by foreign powers. (B) Both gained the support of government reformers holding high bureaucratic positions. (C) Both were led by members of the working classes who had risen through the ranks of labor unions. (D) Both were able to gain support because of the ineffectiveness and corruption of the existing monarchies.
Answer: (D)
P354-Q92. Which of the following African countries continued to have a sizeable segment of the population with European ancestry in the 1990s?
(A) Ethiopia (B) Egypt (C) Nigeria (D) Ghana (E) South Africa
Answer: (E)
P356-Q93. On Map 2, the new divisions of mainland Southeast Asia in the region that had been French Indochina best reflect which of the following developments?
(A) Cold War proxy conflicts (B) Democratic elections (C) Peaceful decolonization (D) Ethnic conflicts leading to civil war
Answer: (A)
P356-Q94. Which of the following led to the most dramatic change in the status of Chinese peasant women in the 1940’s and 1950’s?
(A) The policies of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) that attempted to give rural women more economic opportunities (B) Maoist policies that banned arranged marriages and made women an important part of the Communist women’s movement (C) The Christian missionaries and their work among peasant families (D) The success of the Japanese during the occupation in making men and women equal participants in the economy (E) United Nation policies that provided women in rural China with resources and an education
Answer: (B)
“It is not surprising that your nation [Japan] considers it its mission to unite and lead Asia. The European nations, for all their differences, are united like a single country in their attitude towards the non-Europeans. If, for instance, the Mongolians threatened to take a piece of European territory, all the European countries would make common cause to resist them. But Japan cannot stand alone. She would be bankrupt in competition with a united Europe, and she could not expect support in Europe. It is natural that she should seek it in Asia, in association with a free China, Thailand, and, perhaps, in the ultimate course of things, a free India. An associated Asia would be a powerful force. Of course, that is to look a long way ahead, and there are many obstacles in the way, notably the absence of a common language and the difficulty of communication. But—from India through Thailand to Japan—we are, I believe, kindred peoples, having in common possession so much religion, art, philosophy.” Rabindranath Tagore, Indian poet and Nobel Prize in Literature recipient, excerpt from a speech given while on a tour of Japan, 1916
P356-Q95. Tagore most likely makes a clear contrast between European and Asian states in order to
(A) argue for the modernization of Asian empires like the Qing dynasty and Tokugawa Shogunate (B) oppose the proliferation of global wars such as the First World War (C) oppose the expansion of communism in Asia (D) provide a counterbalance to European colonialism in Asia
Answer: (D)
P357-Q96. The changes in political status as depicted on the maps resulted most directly from which of the following?
(A) Migration of imperial subjects to metropoles (B) Religious, ethnic, and regional movements challenging imperial rule (C) Land and resource redistribution movements advocating communism and socialism (D) United Nations mandates ordering imperial states to grant their colonies independence
Answer: (B)
P358-Q97. The changes in the political status of the British territories and protectorates in South Asia as shown on the maps led most directly to which of the following?
(A) Proxy wars between former colonial powers (B) Large-scale population displacements and transfers (C) The settling of territorial disputes by the League of Nations (D) The creation of free-trade blocs
Answer: (B)
P358-Q98. Which of the following most directly opposed the creation of the postcolonial political borders shown on Map 2 ?
(A) Transnational movements, such as Pan-Africanism (B) Regional trading blocs, such as the European Economic Community (C) Military alliances, such as NATO (D) Global international organizations, such as the United Nations
Answer: (A)
P358-Q99. Which of the following was a significant effect of Western imperialism in the twentieth century?
(A) The decline of migrations to industrialized countries (B) The development of nationalism among colonized peoples (C) The conservation of the environment in colonized areas (D) The systematic deterioration in public health conditions
Answer: (B)
P358-Q100. After the Second World War, countries around the world did which of the following to restore the global economy?
(A) Created the European Union to coordinate European economic aid to former colonies. (B) Developed a common economic aid package for African and Asian states. (C) Established new financial institutions, such as the World Bank. (D) Allowed the United Nations to take over failing national economies.
Answer: (C)
P358-Q101. Which of the following describes a major change in international relations in the 1980s and 1990s?
(A) The rapid establishment of large overseas colonial empires by European powers (B) The disbanding of most regional political organizations (C) The decline in power of multinational corporations (D) The reduction of confrontations between communist and noncommunist countries Graph 1: Total Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graph 2: Share of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graphs based on data from www.OurWorldInData.org
Answer: (D)
Graph 1: Total Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graph 2: Share of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Graphs based on data from www.OurWorldInData.org
P359-Q102. Which of the following historical events best explains why, in the period 1990–2000, the trends in carbon dioxide production in the United States and in Russia diverge, as shown in Graph 2 ?
(A) While the United States economy mostly continued to grow, Russia’s economy contracted following the collapse of the Soviet Union. (B) While the United States increased its dependency on fossil fuels, Russia relied more on nuclear energy. (C) While the United States experienced the benefits of the Green Revolution, Russia experienced a decline in agricultural production. (D) While the United States relied on imports of oil and gas, Russia remained largely self-sufficient in energy production.
Answer: (A)
P359-Q103. Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the collapse of the communist regime in the Soviet Union?
(A) United States involvement in wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (B) The Chinese communist government’s institution of market-reform policies (C) The end of the Cold War (D) The expansion of the European Union to include countries in Eastern Europe
Answer: (C)
Image 1 VLADIMIR KANDELAKI, SOVIET ARTIST, HOUSE OF CARDS, PAINTING, 1986 © 2019 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / GCA, Tbilisi The image is a parody of the regular military parades staged by the Soviet Communist Party in Red Square, Moscow.
Image 2 MARAT VALIAKHMETOV, SOVIET ARTIST, “PARADE,” CARTOON PUBLISHED IN A SOVIET NEWSPAPER, 1989 The cartoon is a parody of Soviet military parades, with food trucks instead of tanks and military equipment. The trucks carry labels saying “BREAD,” “MILK,” and “MEAT”—all items for which the Soviet Union was experiencing frequent consumer shortages.
P362-Q104. The depiction of the Soviet Union in the images is best explained as illustrating which of the following developments in late-twentieth-century communist states?
(A) Increasing instances of using force to quell political protests (B) Rising ethnic nationalism (C) Increasing political instability because of military coups (D) Rising public discontent
Answer: (D)
P362-Q105. The inclusion of the trucks in Image 2 best helps explain which of the following developments in the Soviet Union in the late twentieth century?
(A) The recent collectivization of agriculture weakened the ability of Soviet farmers to compete with Western agricultural businesses. (B) Although free-market reforms made the Soviet economy more efficient, climate change led to famines and crop failures. (C) Despite the introduction of free-market reforms under the perestroika program, the Soviet Union’s economy continued to deteriorate. (D) The increasing role of multinational corporations in the Soviet economy led to protests about growing economic inequality.
Answer: (C)
P363-Q106. Which of the following developments in the late twentieth century best explains why the type of power that Soviet leaders wished to highlight through the public event shown in Image 1 diminished?
(A) The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was an expensive failure that helped prevent the Soviet military from closing growing technological gaps with the United States military. (B) Soviet suppression of uprisings in Eastern Europe weakened morale within the Soviet military. (C) Soviet conflicts with communist China led to the loss of substantial territories in the east and signaled the end of Soviet leadership of the communist world. (D) The Soviet Union lost tens of thousands of troops during proxy conflicts in Africa and Latin America.
Answer: (A)
P363-Q107. (Translation: “Woman proletarian, master aviation technology! Enroll in the technical schools and universities of the civil aviation fleet!”) A historian would find the 1931 Soviet poster above most useful in studying which of the following?
(A) The proportion of women to men working in technically skilled professions in the Soviet Union (B) The effects of the introduction of commercial aviation on the Soviet economy (C) The official propaganda of gender equality in the Soviet Union (D) The degree of advancement of Soviet aviation technology relative to noncommunist countries
Answer: (C)
P364-Q108. Which of the following was a significant long-term cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union during the late twentieth century?
(A) Geopolitical rivalry between the Soviet Union and communist China (B) The dismantling of the Berlin Wall and the end of restrictions on emigrating from communist countries (C) The cost of the arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States (D) The establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement
Answer: (C)