AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900–present) (Part B)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：35 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：35 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900–present)
- 本部分：Part B（35 题）
“THE FLN WAS LYING TO THEM, BUT THEY SAW THROUGH IT AND MADE THE RIGHT CHOICE. THE FLN IS LYING TO YOU!” POSTER PRODUCED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF FRANCE AGAINST THE ALGERIAN NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT (FLN), 1958 The FLN was a political movement that advocated for the overthrow of French rule in Algeria. The poster shows an outline of French president Charles de Gaulle in the middle of the French national flag. The photo underneath de Gaulle shows two former FLN guerrilla leaders who switched sides and joined the French forces.
P332-Q37. Which of the following best explains why nationalist groups such as the FLN became more prominent globally after 1945 ?
(A) The rise of fascism in Europe led to the growing prominence of extreme nationalism worldwide. (B) Military dictatorships often assumed power following the withdrawal of imperial states in postcolonial Africa. (C) Imperial powers were considerably weakened economically and militarily because of the Second World War. (D) The end of the Second World War led to the establishment of international institutions for economic cooperation.
Answer: (C)
P332-Q38. All of the following statements about Algeria under French rule are factually accurate. Which best explains the manner in which the poster addressed its intended audience?
(A) Muslims were granted French citizenship following the conclusion of the Second World War. (B) Shortly before the poster was produced, French officers stationed in Algeria organized a military coup against the government. (C) French settlers in Algeria resisted attempts by the colonial administration to assimilate Muslims into French culture. (D) Education for Algeria’s Muslim population was largely conducted in French.
Answer: (D)
“Historically, economic motives have always loomed large in the process of empire building. Every student of African history concedes the primacy of economic interests in the rise of the great empires during Africa’s golden age [circa 900–1400]. The historical explanations of their decline and fall have always had a strong economic orientation, but the correlation between economics and the rise and fall of empires is not a phenomenon peculiar to African history: it is a general historical phenomenon. Since the beginning of history, Africa has faced an assortment of foreign conquerors all initially driven by stories of its enormous wealth—real or imaginary—to invade the continent. Whether similar impulses drove the European conquerors of Africa in the nineteenth century has been the subject of great historical debate. . . . Economic factors, social conditions, and politics are delicately connected. The historian who discusses the one in isolation of the others does so at his peril.” Godfrey Uzoigwe, Nigerian historian, Britain and the Conquest of Africa, 1974
P332-Q39. Increasing interest among historians about the topic analyzed in the passage could best be explained by which of the following?
(A) The decolonization of Africa in the second half of the twentieth century (B) The reduction of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union (C) The increasing economic globalization resulting from new transportation and communication technologies (D) The increasing migration of Africans and other formerly colonized people to Europe
Answer: (A)
P332-Q40. In China between 1958 and 1962, Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward, an effort to make China an industrial power through mass collectivization of agriculture, is best understood as an example of
(A) an attempt by China to win favor with policy makers in the United States (B) a free-market policy designed to position China as a major power in a globalizing economy (C) market communism in which the state increasingly cedes control to businesses run by Communist Party associates (D) a communist government exerting control over the national economy
Answer: (D)
P333-Q41. Some historians have argued that the Haitian Revolution (1791—1804) marks the beginning of the process of decolonization that culminated in the dissolution of European colonial empires after the Second World War. Historians who take this position are likely to place the greatest emphasis on the importance of which of the following in the decolonization process?
(A) The role of the desire for natural rights in independence movements (B) The role of European powers in encouraging revolts in each other’s colonies as part of imperial rivalries (C) The role of economic liberalization in undermining the rationale for colonial empires (D) The role of indigenous economic patterns in fostering anticolonial movements
Answer: (A)
“Mexico is the country of inequality. Nowhere does there exist such a profound difference in the distribution of fortune, civilization, cultivation of the soil, and population. The indigenous people offer a picture of extreme misery. They are banished into the most barren districts and live only from hand to mouth. Besides them, there are the people called castas, who spring from the mixture of the races with one another. These castas constitute a mass almost as considerable as the indigenous people.
The government is suspicious of the Creoles[1] and bestows great estates exclusively on European Spaniards. Since 1789 we frequently hear the following being proudly declared, ‘I am not a Spaniard, I am an American!’ These are words that betray a long resentment. In the eye of law, every White Creole is a Spaniard, but the abuse of the laws, the bad policies of the colonial government, and the influence of the opinions of the age have loosened the bonds that formerly united more closely the Mexican Creoles to the European Spaniards.”
Alexander Von Humboldt, Prussian geographer and explorer, Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, 1811
1 a reference to people of European descent who were born in the Americas
P333-Q42. The economic inequality described by Humboldt in the first paragraph was one of the primary reasons that many twentieth-century Latin American governments advocated for
(A) the increased immigration of people of European ancestry (B) efforts to curb the emissions of greenhouse gases (C) providing incentives for their citizens to emigrate to the United States (D) programs to redistribute land and resources, often influenced by socialist ideology
Answer: (D)
P333-Q43. In 1949, NATO was established so that Western leaders could counter
(A) the perceived threat that the Soviet Union and its allies would spread communism (B) free-market advocates in the United States and Great Britain (C) the decolonization of Africa and nationalization of Western industry there (D) the growing power of developing countries in the United Nations
Answer: (A)
P334-Q44. In the early twentieth century, nationalist movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East were led primarily by
(A) the urban working class (B) the nobility (C) labor unions (D) landless peasants (E) educated urban elites
Answer: (E)
P334-Q45. In the mid-twentieth century, which of the following was a similarity between the approaches of China and the Soviet Union in managing their respective economies?
(A) Insistence on the participation of industrial workers in planning their economies (B) Recognition of the independence of satellite states in developing their economies (C) Building popular support for their regimes by slowing the pace of industrialization (D) Direct intervention in their economies to speed the process of industrialization
Answer: (D)
P334-Q46. Which of the following is true of both India and China in the period from 1945 to 1990 ?
(A) Both were colonies of a foreign power. (B) In the 1950s, leaders of both countries focused on industrial development. (C) Building an agricultural base was the top priority of both countries. (D) Both countries adopted free-trade policies in the 1960s. (E) Both societies quickly rejected traditional religious values.
Answer: (B)
INDIAN MUSLIM TROOPS IN THE BRITISH ARMED FORCES PRAYING. PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN SURREY, ENGLAND, 1916 FPG / Staff In the background, a group of British civilians, mostly women, are watching the troops pray.
P335-Q47. The experiences of soldiers such as those shown in the photograph most likely contributed to which of the following developments after 1918 ?
(A) Conflict between Hindus and Muslims in India (B) The rise of authoritarian governments between the world wars (C) The idea that all Muslims should unite politically under the Ottoman sultan (D) Growing anti-imperial opposition in European colonies such as India
Answer: (D)
“Our country needs a large population to utilize and exploit its land and natural resources. In general, the way to increase a country’s population is to increase the number of births and to decrease the number of deaths. Some European states adopt a number of methods to increase their birth rates: (1) additional government services are provided to people who are married and have many children; (2) discounts and tax rebates on expenses related to the education of children are provided; (3) awards are given to families with many children. In Iran, due to the special impact of our national morals and religious traditions, families have many children. Therefore, the best means to increase the Iranian population is to take measures to decrease the death rate. More governmental physicians and health officials are needed to prevent the wasting of the country’s human capital. Due to the lack of literature on child rearing available to Iranian mothers, and due to the absence of sufficient means for the treatment of ill children, more than 50% of all children born to Iranian families die before the age of seven. Through instructions and acquainting people with the literature on child rearing, as well as by providing families with free medical treatment, at least 90% of children could live to reach adolescence. In this context, patriotic women’s organizations must carry out serious and efficient actions to help invigorate the management of the country’s health.” Fereydun Keshavarz, Iranian pediatrician, article published in an Iranian newspaper, 1937
P336-Q48. Keshavarz’ article best reflects the influence of which of the following ideologies on members of Iran’s educated elite?
(A) Communism (B) Political Islam (C) Nationalism (D) Anti-imperialism
Answer: (C)
Source 1: “The British . . . have for many decades had settled notions about India’s future. Their concept of party government and parliamentary rule has become the ideal with them as the best form of government for every country. . . . It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. It is only a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality. This misconception of one Indian nation will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims in India belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. . . . They have different epics and different heroes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be built up for the government of such a state.” Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the All-India Muslim League, an organization of Indian Muslims that had split from the Indian National Congress, address to a meeting of the League, March 1940 Source 2: “We, the inhabitants of India, have one thing in common and that is our India-ness, which we share despite our religious and cultural differences. Just as our different features and personalities do not affect our common humanity, so our religious and cultural differences should not interfere with our shared association with our homeland. Therefore, like other religious groups in India, we Muslims have a duty to struggle for the attainment of our common Indian interests and fight against the evils that hamper our common progress and prosperity. This is what I mean when I speak of a common nationhood of all Indians. The [Indian National] Congress, having the same position as ours, has made provisions for the protection of all religions, cultures, and languages in a future Indian state. On the other hand, the European concept of nationalism is unacceptable to our organization. We denounce it and are totally against it.” Husain Ahmad Madani, leader of the Council of Indian Muslim Religious Scholars, address to the annual meeting of the organization, June 1940
P337-Q49. During the negotiations to end British rule in India in the aftermath of the Second World War, British actions were ultimately most strongly influenced by which of the following arguments?
(A) The argument in Source 1 that, for the British, “the concept of party government and parliamentary rule has become the ideal . . . for every country” (B) The argument in Source 1 that “to yoke together two such nations under a single state” would lead to (C) The argument in Source 2 that “religious and cultural differences should not interfere with [Indians’] shared association with our homeland.” (D) The argument in Source 2 that “the [Indian National] Congress . . . has made provisions for the protection of all religions, cultures, and languages in a future Indian state”
Answer: (B)
P337-Q50. In the second half of the twentieth century, the kind of tensions illustrated by the two sources would most directly lead to the emergence of which of the following in postcolonial Asian and African states?
(A) Communist movements (B) Popular movements advocating the restoration of colonial rule (C) Movements advocating for regional autonomy (D) Famines and epidemics
Answer: (C)
“The Soviet structure of power is committed to the perfection of the dictatorship and to maintaining the concept that Russia is in a state of siege, with an enemy that lies just beyond the walls. This mentality has profound implications for Russia’s international conduct. Moscow assumes that the aims of the capitalist world are antagonistic to the Soviet regime. However, the Kremlin is under no compulsion to accomplish its goal of spreading its influence in a hurry. If it finds unassailable barriers in its path, it accepts them and accommodates itself to them. There is no trace of any feeling in Soviet psychology that that goal must be reached at any given time.
In these circumstances it is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of patient and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Soviet economic development, while it can list certain formidable achievements, has been precariously spotty and uneven. It is difficult to see how the deficiencies of the Soviet economic system can be corrected by a tired and dispirited population working largely under the shadow of fear and compulsion. And as long as they are not overcome, Russia will remain an economically vulnerable and impotent nation, capable of exporting its ideological enthusiasm but unable to export real evidence of material power and prosperity. Indeed, it is the strong belief of this writer that Soviet power bears within it the seeds of its own decay, and that the sprouting of these seeds is well advanced.”
George F. Kennan, United States diplomat to the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1946, article submitted anonymously to an academic journal devoted to the conduct of foreign policy, published in Washington, D.C., 1947
P338-Q51. The recommendation provided in the second paragraph is best explained in the context of which of the following historical situations in the aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The emergence of fascist states engaged in territorial expansion in Asia and Africa (B) The implementation of genocidal policies by totalitarian states (C) The creation of secret competing alliance systems by European powers (D) The attempts by Soviet officials to establish ideological ties with newly independent states
Answer: (D)
P338-Q52. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the arguments expressed in the passage?
(A) To influence Soviet government officials to adopt economic policies that would harm the Soviet Union (B) To influence United States government officials to adopt policies designed to avoid a major war (C) To convince world leaders to unite in order to stop the evils of communism (D) To convince Soviet citizens that the United States meant them no harm in the hopes of creating a sustainable peace
Answer: (B)
P338-Q53. Which of the following best explains how the historical circumstances of Kennan’s service as a diplomat in the Soviet Union influenced his point of view regarding the “Soviet structure of power” in the first paragraph?
(A) He witnessed how the Soviet Union used its industrial capabilities to produce vastly more quantities of war equipment than Germany could produce. (B) He witnessed how German atrocities had turned ethnic groups within the Soviet Union who had initially opposed Stalin against the Nazis. (C) He witnessed how the Soviet Union’s defeat of Nazi Germany allowed it to decide the fate of states in Eastern Europe that it occupied. (D) He witnessed how conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union allowed Stalin to further centralize his power and use Russian nationalism to mobilize the population.
Answer: (D)
He who protests is an enemy; he who opposes is a corpse.” Slogans of the Khmer Rouge, the governing communist party of Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. The party ordered the forcible relocation of all urban populations onto agricultural communes and was responsible for 2.2 million deaths.
P339-Q54. The slogans best illustrate which of the following actions of twentieth-century communist governments?
(A) The use of subterfuge to undermine and discredit democratically elected governments (B) The adoption of repressive policies in order to impose one-party rule (C) The suppression of organized religion (D) The adoption of electronic surveillance technologies to suppress internal dissent
Answer: (B)
P339-Q55. The ideas expressed in the last two slogans most likely reflect which of the following twentieth-century developments?
(A) Constitutional conflicts emerging between the executive and judicial branches in communist states (B) Civil rights movements destabilizing newly independent states (C) Totalitarian states using violence and genocide against civilians to maintain power (D) Civil war between communist factions supporting China and the Soviet Union
Answer: (C)
“Mr. President, I am writing you a letter which maybe you’ll read if you have the time. I have just received my army recruitment papers to report for duty in the warby Wednesday evening. Mr. President, I do not want to do that; I was not put on this earth to kill wretched people living far away. I must tell you—it’s not to make you mad— but I’ve made my decision: I am going to desert.... I will hit the road and beg for my life all over France—and I will call out to the people: ‘Refuse to obey! Refuse to do it! Don’t go to fight in the war! Just say no!’ If someone’s blood must be shed, Then shed yours, Mr. President! Lead by example! And if you decide to hunt me down, warn your police that I will be unarmed, and that they can go ahead and shoot.” a reference to the war in French Vietnam Boris Vian, French poet, “The Deserter,” 1954
P340-Q56. Late-twentieth-century military conflicts such as the one referred to in the poem typically resulted from which of the following?
(A) Mercantilist colonial policies (B) Social Darwinist philosophy (C) Negotiated decolonization (D) Nationalist resistance to imperialism
Answer: (D)
P340-Q57. Which of the following aspects of the political context of the 1950s best explains the author’s view of colonial wars expressed in the poem?
(A) The memory of the destructive total wars of the early twentieth century (B) The intensification of anticommunist sentiment in the context of the Cold War (C) The beginning of European economic and political integration (D) The influence of United States mass media
Answer: (A)
P341-Q58. The method of achieving political change advocated in the poem best illustrates which of the following practices used by reform movements in the twentieth century?
(A) Nationalization and collectivization (B) Violence against civilians (C) Civil disobedience (D) Consumer boycotts
Answer: (C)
“The [British] Raj* did bring benefits to the Indian people and its importance to the successor states of India . . . cannot be overstated. Whether they like the fact or not, these countries are what they are now because they were once governed by Britain and brought directly into contact with British ideas, values, learning and technology. The process of exposure and absorption was slow and uneven; old faiths, customs and habits of mind proved remarkably durable, and outlasted a Raj which lacked either the capacity or will to uproot them.
Any balance sheet of the Raj would not be complete without reference to [the public benefits that it brought]. When [the Raj] ended, the sub-continent possessed what today would be called a communications ‘infrastructure’ which included over 40,000 miles of railways. . . . Enormous headway has been made in education by the successor states, but it could not have been achieved without foundations laid down during the Raj. . . . Likewise, the criminal and civil law codes of the entire sub-continent are a legacy of the Raj. . . .
Quite simply, the Raj cannot be disinvented. It happened, and its consequences remain deeply rooted in Indian soil.”
*a term used in various Indian languages to refer to a ruler; in this case, the term refers to the British Empire in India
Lawrence James, British historian, Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India, 1997
P341-Q59. Which of the following developments in the period after 1945 could most directly be used as evidence to challenge the author’s assertion regarding the effects of British rule in India in the first two paragraphs?
(A) After achieving independence, India remained economically tied to Great Britain by joining the British Commonwealth of Nations. (B) Great Britain’s divide-and-rule strategy in India deepened religious tensions, leading to a partition of India that resulted in millions of people dying or ending up as refugees. (C) After achieving its independence, India joined the Non-Aligned Movement, a group of nation-states that refused to side with either the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War. (D) Indian leaders adopted the policies of many other postcolonial states by using government resources and policy to guide economic development.
Answer: (B)
P341-Q60. The fact that large numbers of South Asians migrated to Great Britain after the end of British rule could indirectly be used as evidence to support the author’s arguments mostly because the migrations of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles in the late twentieth century demonstrate that
(A) migrants from former colonies could expect to encounter little racial discrimination in imperial societies (B) migrants were attracted to many aspects of the cultural, political, and economic systems that imperial powers had brought to their colonies (C) migrants from former colonies quickly found lucrative jobs in imperial societies and could use their income to boost the fortunes of their families back home (D) migrants were quick to relinquish their cultural traditions upon settling in imperial societies
Answer: (B)
P342-Q61. All of the following statements about British rule in India in the twentieth century are factually accurate. Which could best be used as evidence to modify the author’s claim about the “public benefits” of British rule in India in the second paragraph?
(A) The British government in India often allowed different religious groups to use their own legal customs in civil matters such as marriage and divorce. (B) The British government in India developed educational institutions in which instruction was conducted in English, providing a common language that many Indians of diverse linguistic traditions used to communicate with each other. (C) British investment in infrastructure such as railways and roads provided the largest economic benefit to British companies operating in India rather than to ordinary Indians. (D) British companies cooperated with the British government to expand India’s canal system and irrigation network in order to improve agricultural production and interior communications.
Answer: (C)
TASS News Agency]: How is the United Nations Security Council decision on the rapid withdrawal of Belgian troops from the Congo being fulfilled? [Patrice Lumumba]: Belgium has already proved that she has no respect for Security Council decisions. The Belgian government is continuing its aggressive actions and savage reprisals against our people who seek their independence from Belgian rule. These facts are not widely known in the world because the Belgian colonialists have got the press of other Western countries to write as little as possible about the actions of Belgian soldiers in the Congo. [TASS News Agency]: What is the Congolese people’s view of the Soviet Union’s stand on the Congo’s struggle to attain genuine independence and territorial integrity? [Patrice Lumumba]: The Soviet Union was the only great power whose stand conformed to our people’s will and desire. That is why the Soviet Union was the only great power that has all along been supporting the Congolese people’s struggle with weapons and military advisors, while the West similarly supports Belgium. I should like to convey the heartfelt gratitude of the entire Congolese people to the Soviet people.” Patrice Lumumba, leader of Congolese independence movement, interview with the Soviet news agency TASS, July 1960
P344-Q65. Which of the following most likely explains the Soviet Union’s motivation for being involved in the Congo as described in the passage?
(A) It wanted to establish its own colonies to extract natural resources for its industrial factories. (B) It wanted to take advantage of a regional conflict to expand its military power and ideological influence. (C) It wanted to expand its economic power by establishing free-trade agreements with dependent states. (D) It wanted to promote greater stability in Third World countries by ending regional conflicts.
Answer: (B)
P344-Q66. The level of military engagement between Western nations and the Soviet Union referred to in the passage is best explained by which of the following developments after the Second World War?
(A) The economic decline of communist states made it impossible for them to transport large armies to distant regions. (B) The ability of the United Nations to send peace-keeping forces limited the scale of the involvement of major military powers in regional conflicts. (C) The continued importance of resource-rich regions in Africa to economic development in the West and the Soviet Union discouraged them from engaging in large-scale conflicts that could cause vast destruction. (D) The possession of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union made it too dangerous for Western nations and the Soviet Union to engage in large-scale military conflict with each other.
Answer: (D)
P344-Q67. Which of the following explains the most significant difference between the circumstances of military competition between Western nations and the Soviet Union in developing regions such as Africa and the circumstances of military competition between Western nations and the Soviet Union in Europe in the late twentieth century?
(A) Unlike in Africa, military competition between Western nations and the Soviet Union in Europe involved the establishment of rival military blocs. (B) Unlike in Europe, military competition between Western nations and the Soviet Union in Africa involved covert military actions by rival intelligence agencies. (C) Unlike in Europe, military competition between Western nations and the Soviet Union in Africa involved the establishment of puppet regimes. (D) Unlike in Africa, military competition between Western nations and the Soviet Union in Europe involved using political propaganda to weaken states.
Answer: (A)
P344-Q68. Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi both appealed to which of the following as a base of support?
(A) Warlords, wealthy landowners, and merchants (B) Westernized elites (C) Traditional rulers (D) Peasants (E) Urban factory workers
Answer: (D)
P345-Q69. The maps of Africa above best explain which of the following about African history in the twentieth century?
(A) Why Islam has continued to spread in sub-Saharan Africa following decolonization (B) Why most African states achieved independence within a few years of one another (C) Why some former colonial powers have continued to intervene in the internal affairs of their former colonies after independence (D) Why African state-building efforts have been hindered by the persistence of political boundaries inherited from the colonial era
Answer: (D)
Article 1. The feudal marriage system, which is based on the superiority of man over woman, is abolished. The New Democratic marriage system is based on free choice of partners, on equal rights for both sexes, and on protection of the lawful interests of women and children. . . . Article 3. Marriage shall be based on the complete willingness of the two parties. Article 7. Husband and wife shall have equal status in the home. . . . Article 8. Husband and wife are bound to love, respect, and assist each other, to engage in production, to care for the children, and to strive jointly for the building up of a new society. Article 9. Husband and wife shall both have the right to free choice of occupation and free choice of participation in work or in social activities.” Marriage law from the People’s Republic of China, 1950
P345-Q70. The characterization of the traditional Chinese marriage system in Article 1 most likely reflects which of the following?
(A) Chinese nationalists’ emphasis on the unity of Chinese territory (B) The influence of Buddhist teachings on Chinese culture (C) Chinese elites’ adoption of Western gender norms following the Opium Wars (D) The Marxist ideology of Mao Zedong’s government in China
Answer: (D)
P346-Q71. The provisions in Articles 8 and 9 can best be used as evidence to support which of the following claims about women in China in the late twentieth century?
(A) Women were an important part of the labor force that the government tried to recruit in implementing its economic policies. (B) The Chinese government strongly encouraged Chinese women to dedicate themselves only to raising their children. (C) Despite making some advances, Chinese women continued to have lower social status compared to men. (D) As more women were elected to leadership positions in China, they shaped legislature to address issues of special importance to women.
Answer: (A)
Kill anyone who was against the movement, even if that person was my brother. The state of emergency and the fighting kept me from studying abroad and joining my sister and brothers, who were studying in England. Finding myself with more time on my hands, I became even more eager to learn about freedom activities and felt even more commitment to Mau Mau, convinced that it was the only way that Kenya could be free. Matters worsened as the state of emergency continued. People were arrested arbitrarily by the colonial authorities, and Black collaborators accused people of being Mau Mau with little or no proof. Despite the pressure, I felt as determined as ever. In my mind, I had no doubt that I was fighting for a just cause.” *a Kenyan nationalist and independence leader Wambui Otieno, Kenyan activist, description of her participation in the Mau Mau uprising against British rule in Kenya in the early 1950s, included in an autobiography published in 1998
P346-Q72. Which of the following best explains why the movement described in the passage began after the Second World War?
(A) The settlement of the conflict divided former German and Japanese colonies among the victorious Allied powers. (B) The racist ideology of the German Nazi regime spread in influence as a result of its early military success. (C) The defeat of the Axis powers required the Allies to grant political concessions in order mobilize colonial populations militarily and economically. (D) The Allied Western European states began to implement more active measures to intervene in the economy through the creation of extensive welfare states.
Answer: (C)
P347-Q73. Which of the following best explains why the Soviet Union supported movements such as the one described in the passage?
(A) The Soviets supported violent movements based on racial ideology. (B) The Soviets sought to aid movements that shared their religious ideology. (C) The Soviets believed that most colonized peoples were incapable of effective self-government. (D) The Soviets wished to undermine Western governments during the Cold War.
Answer: (D)
P347-Q74. The Mau Mau ideology described in the passage differed most significantly from that of the
(A) communist Viet Minh in Vietnam, which sought to overthrow French colonial rule (B) Biafra separatist movement in Nigeria, which sought to create a new state within an independent Nigeria through armed insurrection (C) Hind Swaraj movement led by Gandhi in India, which sought to achieve an independent India through protest and civil disobedience (D) anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, which used both peaceful protest and armed violence to end rule by the descendants of Dutch and English settlers
Answer: (C)
P347-Q75. Which of the following was a common characteristic of the major revolutions that occurred in Russia, China, and Mexico in the early twentieth century?
(A) Nationalism and socialism helped shape all three revolutions. (B) Foreign powers played an important role in each revolution’s initial success. (C) The upper class of each society led the movement that resulted in revolution. (D) Each revolution failed after a short period of violent civil war.
Answer: (A)
P347-Q76. Nationalist leaders in Africa and Asia, such as Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969), Jomo Kenyatta (1894–1978), and Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972), had which of the following in common?
(A) Defense of capitalism (B) Support for free-trade systems (C) Rejection of violent revolution (D) Opposition to colonial rule
Answer: (D)