AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900–present) (Part A)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：35 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：35 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900–present)
- 本部分：Part A（35 题）
P317-Q1. “Chicken Tikka Massala is now a true British national dish, not only because it is the most popular, but because it is a perfect illustration of the way Britain absorbs and adapts external influences. Chicken Tikka is an Indian dish. The Massala sauce was added to satisfy the desire of British people to have their meat served in gravy.” Robin Cook, British Foreign Secretary, speech, 2001 The development of the British cuisine described in the excerpted speech above is best seen as an example of which of the following?
(A) The effects of migration by former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (B) The spread of culture through new communication technology (C) The global spread of western popular and consumer culture (D) The resistance to immigration by nativist groups
Answer: (A)
P317-Q2. “Individually, the independent states of Africa, some of them potentially rich, others poor, can do little for their people. Together, by mutual help, they can achieve much.” Kwame Nkrumah, president of Ghana, speech, 1961 The speech above by Nkrumah is best understood in the context of which of the following?
(A) Twentieth-century transnational movements attempting to unite people across national boundaries (B) Competition between Cold War powers to influence the development of newly independent states (C) African and Latin American anti-colonial movements motivated by Enlightenment ideology (D) International economic institutions attempting to spread free market economics in the developing world
Answer: (A)
P317-Q3. “Recent years have seen a dramatic shift to the left in the politics of Latin America. This shift . . . has given rise to renewed interest in Che Guevara’s ideals of Pan-American unity, anti-imperialism, and humanist socialism. The rather remarkable change in direction of the region’s politics has occurred largely in response to the [unpopularity] of the neoliberal agenda of ‘free market’ and 'free-trade' capitalism pursued by the United States Government, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and most of the governments of the region.” Richard L. Harris, Death of a Revolutionary: Che Guevara’s Last Mission, 2000 Which of the following best describes the main argument that Harris is making in the passage above?
(A) Academic interest in Guevara’s career and personality has led to renewed interest in his ideas among the general public. (B) The failure of the international community to provide effective economic assistance to Latin America has fueled interest in Guevara’s ideas. (C) Governments in Latin America have shifted to the left in their attempts to adhere to the requirements of the World Bank and other international institutions. (D) Neoliberal governments in Latin America have reinterpreted Guevara’s ideas to align with their policies.
Answer: (B)
P318-Q4. “The Declaration of the French Revolution made in 1791 on the Rights of Man and the Citizen also states: ‘All men are born free and with equal rights, and must always remain free and have equal rights.’ “Nevertheless for more than eighty years, the French imperialists, abusing the standard of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, have violated our Fatherland and oppressed our fellow-citizens. They have acted contrary to the ideals of humanity and justice.” Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, 1945 The excerpt above was written in response to which of the following?
(A) The use of Vietnamese laborers and soldiers by the French in the First World War (B) The end of the struggle for Vietnamese independence known as the Indochina wars (C) The failure of French colonizers to apply their ideals in Indochina (D) The rapid conquest of French Indochina by the Japanese during the Second World War
Answer: (C)
P318-Q5. “Total war was no longer a rational option for enemies armed with nuclear weapons. If they were to fight each other, they could only do so in limited wars or through nonnuclear client states. Ironically, then, weapons of total destruction may have rendered total war between major powers obsolete in the late twentieth century.” Merry Wiesner-Hanks, world historian, 2004 Which of the following occurrences during the Cold War best supports the main contention of the passage above?
(A) Both the United States and the Soviet Union actively sought ways to neutralize each other’s nuclear missiles. (B) Both the United States and the Soviet Union armed and supported rival countries and factions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. (C) A large movement protesting the nuclear arms buildup developed in Western Europe and the United States. (D) Several nonaligned countries sought to obtain nuclear weapons technology.
Answer: (B)
P319-Q6. “We shall not repeat the past. We shall eradicate it by restoring our rights in the Suez Canal. This money is ours. The canal is the property of Egypt.” The quotation above by Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser (in power 1952-1970) best expresses support for
(A) communism (B) liberalism (C) nationalism (D) imperialism
Answer: (C)
P319-Q7. “We shall not repeat the past. We shall eradicate it by restoring our rights in the Suez Canal. This money is ours. The canal is the property of Egypt.” The quotation above by Gamel Abdel Nasser (in power 1952-1970) was most influenced by
(A) Soviet communism (B) Islamic thought (C) nationalism (D) constitutionalism (E) international law
Answer: (C)
P319-Q8. Which of the following was an experience shared by the African leaders Nelson Mandela, Robert Mugabe, Jomo Kenyatta, and Kwame Nkrumah during the colonial period?
(A) They studied at Soviet universities. (B) They were held as political prisoners. (C) They served in a colonial army. (D) They were Muslims. (E) They originally came from French colonies.
Answer: (B)
P319-Q9. Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is true?
(A) Most African colonies gained national independence. (B) The Organization of African Unity resolved the issues that most African states found divisive. (C) Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. (D) There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent states. (E) Colonial patterns of trade disappeared.
Answer: (A)
P319-Q10. Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today’s sub-Saharan African states?
(A) Postcolonial conquests of one African state by another (B) Fragmentation of countries after they achieved independence from Europe (C) Decisions by European powers during the process of colonization (D) Precolonial linguistic groupings (E) International agreements mediated by the United Nations
Answer: (C)
P320-Q11. After which event did the United States and the Soviet Union emerge as superpowers with respect to the rest of the world?
(A) The United States Civil War (B) The promulgation of the Monroe Doctrine (C) The First World War (D) The Second World War
Answer: (D)
P320-Q12. All of the following were policies pursued by both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War EXCEPT
(A) reliance on military alliances for national security (B) promotion of proxy wars in other states (C) centralized planning of the national economy (D) development of massive nuclear arsenals
Answer: (C)
“It was my privilege to attend the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana. The conference was significant because it brought together the most representative gathering of African leaders ever assembled. There were about 300 delegates representing some 65 organizations coming from 28 African countries. Of the nine independent African countries only one, Sudan, was not represented.
The nationalist organizations were represented by their top leadership. Therefore, whether the colonial powers like it or not, the decisions of the conference must be taken with some seriousness. The conference announced clearly that African freedom and independence are a necessity, and that the struggle to achieve independence would continue. The conference’s declaration on colonialism and imperialism significantly called upon ‘the independent African states to render maximum assistance by every means possible to the dependent peoples in their struggle.’ The final decision of the conference was to commend nonviolent methods but also to endorse other methods if they are deemed necessary.
Presently, there is negligible Russian influence in Africa. Nevertheless, this influence will grow unless the problem of racism in the multi-racial areas of Africa is solved. It is my opinion that American influence will decline steadily unless the United States is much more vocal in its support of responsible movements for independence in Africa. The United States does not need to be as cautious as it currently is.”
George M. Houser, president of the American Committee on Africa, a nongovernmental organization founded to support nonviolent African independence movements, report about the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana, 1958
P320-Q13. The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The development of regional free-trade agreements (B) The intensification of ethnic rivalries in Africa (C) The spread of industrial methods of production (D) The dissolution of European empires
Answer: (D)
P321-Q14. The conference’s decision to “endorse other methods,” as mentioned in the second paragraph, is best explained in the context of which of the following?
(A) The growth of the international arms trade provided armed groups in Africa with military superiority over European powers. (B) Many African colonies had failed to obtain the greater self-governance promised after the First World War and doubted that European powers would fulfill similar promises after the Second World War. (C) Many African societies had been strongly influenced by European methods of administration, economic and political philosophy, and culture. (D) The Non-Aligned Movement was attractive to many African societies that opposed both European policies in Africa and the development of a bipolar global order.
Answer: (B)
P321-Q15. The author’s opinion in the third paragraph regarding the caution that the United States was employing in supporting African independence movements is most directly explained in the context of which of the following developments in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The United States had vastly more economic and military power than its European allies. (B) The United States and the Soviet Union preferred to engage in proxy wars rather than in direct conflict. (C) The United States used its influence in international organizations to rally support for its policies in Third World nations. (D) The United States used its intelligence agencies to overthrow regimes in Third World nations.
Answer: (A)
P322-Q16. The map above shows the territorial arrangements in South Asia that resulted from
(A) Akbar’s expansion of the Mughal Empire (B) rival Arab trading empires (C) Dutch and Portuguese colonies (D) partition at the time of decolonization (E) treaties with Russia and China
Answer: (D)
P322-Q17. Anticolonial movements like the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?
(A) The need for reform in order to resist European imperialism (B) The desire to return their societies to an earlier preindustrial age (C) Their intent to engage in territorial expansion at the expense of their weaker neighbors (D) Their emphasis on purely linguistic nationalism (E) The need to persuade all anticolonial movements to cooperate with European socialist parties
Answer: (A)
“I belong to those scientists who consider that the drying up of the Aral Sea is far more advantageous than preserving it. First, in its zone, good fertile land will be obtained. . . . Cultivation of cotton alone will pay for the existing Aral Sea, with all its fisheries, shipping, and other industries. Second, the disappearance of the Sea will not affect the region’s landscapes.” A. Babayev, president of Soviet Turkmenistan’s Academy of Sciences, late 1950s
P323-Q18. Which of the following best explains why the Soviet Union was willing to undertake projects such as the one discussed in the passage?
(A) The need to suppress armed resistance to Soviet rule in Central Asia (B) The mass migration of Turkmens and other Central Asians to Soviet Russia (C) Soviet embrace of economic liberalization and free-market principles (D) Pressure resulting from the need to keep pace with Western economic development during the Cold War
Answer: (D)
Snark/ Art Resource, NY Poster from the Seventeenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1934. Poster text: “Raise the Flag of Lenin, It Gives Us Victory!” Banners at bottom read: “Long live the invincible party of Lenin!” “Long live the great guide of the international proletarian revolution, Comrade Stalin!”
P324-Q19. Artworks of the type shown in the image were used for all of the following EXCEPT to
(A) mobilize the Soviet population in support of the policy of “total war” during the Second World War (B) showcase Soviet support for the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War (C) promote Soviet support for anti-imperialist independence movements in Asia and Africa (D) encourage Soviet citizens to embrace Western popular culture
Answer: (D)
“I think we should continue to emphasize the history and culture of the West, while encompassing the rest, because the West has in fact made the world we know. Anyone who wants to participate in the world community in the coming century had better know how and why the West has defined, and will continue to define, world civilization. Why do I say that? Because everybody wants what we have: science and technology, prosperity, and democracy—that is, our philosophy, our economics, our politics. It is the simple truth that science and technology emerge out of Western philosophy, not out of the philosophy of India, China, or the African nations. Since it is a fact that people everywhere aspire to the material advantages that flow, uniquely I think, from the modes of social organization that the West has devised—its economics, its science and technology, and also its politics and philosophy—I think it is time to stop apologizing and start analyzing what has made [the West] the world-defining power that it is.” Jacob Neusner, historian, “It is Time to Stop Apologizing for Western Civilization and to Start Analyzing Why It Defines World Culture,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989
P325-Q20. The title of the article best suggests that the author is responding to the arguments of which of the following?
(A) Postcolonial and anti-imperialist thinkers (B) Advocates for radical feminism (C) Neoliberal economists and advocates of free-trade policies (D) Supporters of conservative nationalism
Answer: (A)
P325-Q21. The author’s point of view regarding the West was likely influenced by which of the following developments at the time he was writing?
(A) The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War (B) The growing strength of environmental protest movements (C) The outbreaks of ethnic violence in Africa and Eastern Europe (D) The spread of the liberation theology movement in Catholic Latin American states
Answer: (A)
P326-Q22. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press. The shaded areas on the map above of South Africa indicate
(A) “Whites only” areas in the country (B) areas of the original Dutch settlements (C) the reserves, sometimes called Bantustans or African “homelands” (D) other independent African nations (E) areas set aside to commemorate the location of Great Zimbabwe
Answer: (C)
P326-Q23. Which of the following was most clearly NOT a consequence of the Second World War?
(A) The independence of Brazil (B) The independence of Indonesia (C) The nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States (D) The democratic constitution of Japan (E) The division of Berlin
Answer: (A)
P326-Q24. Which of the following was a principal cause of the Cold War?
(A) Proxy wars in Latin America (B) Competition for natural resources in Africa (C) The nuclear arms race (D) Conflicting capitalist and communist ideologies
Answer: (D)
“Every denial of justice, every beating by the police, every demand of [colonial] workers that is drowned in blood, every scandal that is hushed up, every punitive expedition . . . brings home to us the value of our old societies. They were communal societies, never societies of the many for the few. They were societies that were not only pre-capitalist, but also anti-capitalist. They were democratic societies, always. They were cooperative societies, fraternal societies. I make a systematic defense of the societies destroyed by imperialism.” Aimé Césaire, Afro-Caribbean intellectual, Discourse on Colonialism, 1953
P327-Q25. Césaire’s interpretation of the nature of precolonial societies is most directly influenced by which of the following?
(A) The capitalist principle that markets will self-regulate (B) The Marxist idea that early societies were classless (C) The Social Darwinist concept of the survival of the fittest (D) The totalitarian concept of the primacy of group interests over individual interests
Answer: (B)
P327-Q26. China’s strategy for modernization and economic development in the 1950s most closely resembled the developmental strategy of
(A) India (B) Japan (C) Britain (D) the Soviet Union (E) the United States
Answer: (D)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHINA'S URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, 1950–2000 Source: Adapted from the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, “World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision,” found online at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP2004/ 2004Highlights_finalrevised.pdf
P328-Q27. The implementation of which of the following policies in China best explains the trend shown on the chart after 1980 ?
(A) Economic liberalization following the failure of Mao Zedong’s economic programs (B) Increased persecution of government critics in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution (C) Expanding military spending on the navy following the discovery of natural resources in the South China Sea (D) Accepting economic assistance provided by international institutions such as the World Bank
Answer: (A)
P328-Q28. Of the following, which represents a challenge to superpower domination by a smaller nation during the Cold War?
(A) Prague Spring (B) Helsinki Accords (C) Brezhnev Doctrine (D) Marshall Plan (E) Truman Doctrine
Answer: (A)
P328-Q29. The Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union during the second half of the twentieth century was characterized by competition primarily over
(A) religion and culture (B) the distribution of natural resources (C) ideology and economic structure (D) control of key trade routes
Answer: (C)
P329-Q30. Which of the following likely explains the political positions of most of the nonaligned Asian and African states shown on the map?
(A) As former colonial territories, they were wary of being dominated by another foreign power. (B) As former large empires, they admired the territorial ambitions of the United States and the Soviet Union. (C) As states that had populations with deeply traditional values, they were uninterested in ideological debates between capitalists and communists. (D) As states with extensive natural resources, they wanted to grant free-trade privileges to all nations.
Answer: (A)
P329-Q31. Which of the following best explains why the United States and the Soviet Union preferred to engage in the type of conflicts shown on the map?
(A) To maintain control over their former colonial states through puppet governments (B) To avoid direct military confrontations that could lead to nuclear war (C) To obtain new military technology before a direct confrontation (D) To acquire natural resources by forcing states to favor United States or Soviet companies
Answer: (B)
P330-Q32. The global balance of power, alluded to on the map, best reflects which of the following changes in the mid- twentieth century?
(A) The ability of the United States and the Soviet Union to develop economic policies that protected them from the worst effects of the Great Depression (B) The disintegration of imperial states such as the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires following the First World War (C) The military and economic decline of Western European colonial empires following the Second World War (D) The United States and Soviet Union’s control over international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund
Answer: (C)
P330-Q33. All of the following contributed to the end of the political order depicted on the map EXCEPT
(A) the expansion of United States military spending (B) the unsuccessful Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan (C) continued economic weakness in the Soviet Union following Gorbachev’s reforms (D) armed rebellions in Eastern European states against Soviet rule
Answer: (D)
P330-Q34. Which of the following best supports the argument that colonialism was responsible for the lack of economic development in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the late twentieth century?
(A) The tendency of former colonies to export raw materials (B) Corruption within the governments of former colonies (C) The presence of impoverished groups within industrialized states (D) The prosperity of some newly independent states
Answer: (A)
P330-Q35. In order to achieve victory in China and Vietnam, Asian communists such as Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh did which of the following?
(A) Relied on the leadership of educated urban elites and factory workers. (B) Retained key elements of Confucianism while deposing the traditional elites. (C) Gained the support of fascists in the Second World War to defeat local enemies. (D) Adapted their revolutionary theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants.
Answer: (D)
P330-Q36. Which of the following was the most significant factor that prevented many African states from achieving political stability in the decades after their independence?
(A) Continued military intervention by former colonizing powers (B) Ethnic and religious conflicts caused by the inclusion of rival groups within the same borders (C) Lack of exploitable natural resources (D) Frequent attempts by the larger states to conquer their smaller neighbors
Answer: (B)