AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900–present) (Part B)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：34 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：34 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900–present)
- 本部分：Part B（34 题）
“In theory, all of the peoples of the world, though different in their degree of civilization and enlightenment are created equal and are brothers before God. As universal love advances, the theory goes, and as the regulations of international law are put into place, the entire world will soon be at peace. This theory is currently espoused mainly by Western Christian ministers or by persons who are enamored of that religion. However, when we leave this fiction and look at the facts regarding international relations today, we find them shockingly different. Do nations honor treaties? We find not the slightest evidence that they do. When countries break treaties, there are no courts to judge them. Therefore, whether a treaty is honored or not depends entirely on the financial and military powers of the countries involved. Money and soldiers are not for the protection of existing principles; they are the instruments for the creation of principles where none exist. There are those moralists who would sit and wait for the day when all wars would end. Yet in my opinion the Western nations are growing ever stronger in the skills of war. In recent years, these countries devise strange new weapons and day by day increase their standing armies. One can argue that that is truly useless, truly stupid. Yet if others are working on being stupid, then I must respond in kind. If others are violent, then I too must become violent. International politics is the way of force rather than the way of virtue—and we should accept that.” Yukichi Fukuzawa, Japanese intellectual, Commentary on the Current Problems, 1881
P299-Q38. Ideas similar to those expressed in the passage would contribute most directly to which of the following?
(A) Japanese imperialist policies in East and Southeast Asia in the first half of the twentieth century (B) Japanese government attempts to mobilize public opinion by promoting the veneration of the emperor in the 1930s and 1940s (C) Japan’s policy of demilitarization after the end of the Second World War (D) Japan’s “economic miracle” in the 1960s and 1970s Poem 1
Answer: (A)
Poem 1 “The world calls us coolie. Why doesn’t our flag fly anywhere? How shall we survive, are we slaves forever? Why aren’t we involved in politics? From the beginning we have been oppressed. Why don’t we even dream of freedom? Only a handful of oppressors have taken our fields. Why has no Indian cultivator risen and protected his land? Our children cry out for want of education. Why don’t we open science colleges?” An insulting term for South or East Asian manual workers Poem 2 “Why do you sit silent in your own country You who make so much noise in foreign lands? Noise outside of India is of little avail. Pay attention to activities within India. You are quarreling and Hindu-Muslim conflict is prevalent. The jewel of India is rotting in the earth because you are fighting over the Vedas and the Koran. Go and speak with soldiers. Ask them why they are asleep, men who once held swords. Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh heroes should join together. The power of the oppressors is nothing if we unitedly attack him. Indians have been the victors in the battlefields of Burma, Egypt, China and the Sudan.”
P300-Q39. In Poem 2, the reference to Indian victories on battlefields is best understood in the context of which of the following?
(A) Violent resistance by Indians to colonial rule (B) The drafting of migrants into the militaries of host countries (C) Indian resistance to Japanese imperialism (D) The mobilization of Indian troops to fight in Great Britain’s wars
Answer: (D)
INDIAN MUSLIM TROOPS IN THE BRITISH ARMED FORCES PRAYING. PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN SURREY, ENGLAND, 1916 FPG / Staff In the background, a group of British civilians, mostly women, are watching the troops pray.
P301-Q40. The situation shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of twentieth- century warfare?
(A) States used propaganda to intensify patriotism in times of war. (B) States used new industrial technologies to fight wars that were deadlier and more expensive. (C) States made full use of their populations and material resources to fight total wars. (D) States increasingly mobilized their citizens for warfare regardless of gender or class.
Answer: (C)
P301-Q41. As shown in the image, the deployment of soldiers by European powers most directly relates to which of the following causes of conflict during the early twentieth century?
(A) The network of rival alliance systems (B) Imperialist expansion and competition for resources (C) Decline in global economic production and trade (D) The emergence of revolutionary communism
Answer: (B)
P303-Q42. The primary rationale for Japan’s territorial acquisitions in Southeast Asia during the period 1933–1942, as reflected in Map 2, was most similar to the primary rationale for which of the following?
(A) The Ottoman Empire’s conquest of the Middle East and North Africa (B) France’s conquests in central and southern Europe under Napoleon (C) The British East India Company’s takeover of other European states’ colonial possessions in India (D) The Qing dynasty’s expansion into Central Asia
Answer: (C)
Source 1: “The British . . . have for many decades had settled notions about India’s future. Their concept of party government and parliamentary rule has become the ideal with them as the best form of government for every country. . . . It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. It is only a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality. This misconception of one Indian nation will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims in India belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. . . . They have different epics and different heroes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be built up for the government of such a state.” Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the All-India Muslim League, an organization of Indian Muslims that had split from the Indian National Congress, address to a meeting of the League, March 1940 Source 2: “We, the inhabitants of India, have one thing in common and that is our India-ness, which we share despite our religious and cultural differences. Just as our different features and personalities do not affect our common humanity, so our religious and cultural differences should not interfere with our shared association with our homeland. Therefore, like other religious groups in India, we Muslims have a duty to struggle for the attainment of our common Indian interests and fight against the evils that hamper our common progress and prosperity. This is what I mean when I speak of a common nationhood of all Indians. The [Indian National] Congress, having the same position as ours, has made provisions for the protection of all religions, cultures, and languages in a future Indian state. On the other hand, the European concept of nationalism is unacceptable to our organization. We denounce it and are totally against it.” Husain Ahmad Madani, leader of the Council of Indian Muslim Religious Scholars, address to the annual meeting of the organization, June 1940
P303-Q43. Taken together, the two sources best support which of the following conclusions regarding the situation in British India in 1940?
(A) The British skillfully manipulated religious tensions within India to rally support for the imperial war effort. (B) Indian opposition to British rule involved groups pursuing very different political goals. (C) Indian Muslim religious scholars rejected Gandhi’s emphasis on nonviolence to achieve political change. (D) There was a clear difference between Hindu and Muslim visions of what postwar India should be.
Answer: (B)
P304-Q44. Which of the following was a major long-term effect of the global economic depression of the 1930s?
(A) Governments began to take a more active role in their economies. (B) Global warming was accelerated by increased burning of fossil fuels. (C) Land-based empires such as the Ottoman Empire became stronger. (D) Individuals such as Gandhi developed the practice of nonviolence.
Answer: (A)
“Are we prepared for so stubborn a fight as a future war involving the great powers of Europe will undoubtedly become? The answer, we must say without evasion, is no. In addition to the military considerations, there is also the political angle. It should not be forgotten that Russia and Germany are representatives of the conservative principle in the civilized world, as opposed to the democratic principle represented by England and France. From this point of view, a war between Russia and Germany, regardless of the specific issues over which it is fought, is profoundly undesirable to both sides. Such a conflict, however it ends, would entail the weakening of the conservative principle of which the two powers are the only reliable bulwarks. Moreover, one must realize that, under the precarious conditions that now exist, a general European war is mortally dangerous to both Russia and Germany, no matter who wins.
It is my firm conviction, based on long and careful study of the multitude of subversive tendencies and movements that we are presently facing, that there must inevitably break out in the defeated country a social revolution that, by the very nature of these things, will inevitably spread to the country of the victor. In our country today, there are countless agitators telling the peasant that he should demand a gratuitous share of somebody else’s land, or the worker that he should be getting hold of the entire capital and profits of the manufacturer. War with Germany will create exceptionally favorable conditions for such agitations.”
Pyotr Durnovo, Russian Minister of the Interior, memorandum to Tsar Nicholas II, February 1914
P304-Q45. The memorandum is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the early twentieth century?
(A) The decline of the Western-dominated global order (B) The emergence of external and internal challenges that threatened the stability of imperial states (C) The emergence of new nation-states based on the principle of ethnic self-determination (D) The use of government propaganda to mobilize national populations for conflict with rival states
Answer: (B)
P304-Q46. Durnovo’s argument in the second paragraph regarding the effect of war between Germany and Russia on the two countries would prove to be
(A) inaccurate in its prediction that war between Germany and Russia would lead to “social revolution” (B) accurate in its prediction that both Germany and Russia would succumb to revolution regardless of which side won the war (C) inaccurate in its prediction that revolution would break out first in the defeated country (D) accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia
Answer: (D)
P305-Q47. Which development during the first decade of the twentieth century can best be explained in the context of the “weakening of the conservative principle” mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as socialists in the Balkans led revolutions that greatly weakened the Habsburg monarchy (B) The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society 墨西哥革命爆发时间1910-1920 (C) The Boer War, in which Dutch-speaking white settlers inflicted several military defeats on British colonial armies in southern Africa (D) The formation of the Triple Entente alliance, in which Great Britain, France, and Russia pledged to work together to check the rise of Germany
Answer: (B)
Germany Source 1 “Under the present circumstances, if we were to find ourselves in a war with France, it will be a people’s war that cannot be won in one decisive battle but will turn into a long and deadly struggle with a country that will not give up before the strength of its entire people has been broken. Our own people, too, will be utterly broken and exhausted, even if we emerge victorious at the end.” Helmuth von Moltke, German general, letter to the German emperor Wilhelm II, 1905 Source 2 “The integrity of what remains of the Ottoman Empire is one of the principles upon which the world’s balance of power is based. Therefore, I reject the idea that it is in our national interest to shatter one of the cornerstones of the international order. What if, after we have attacked Libya and destabilized the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans begin to stir? And what if a Balkan war provokes a clash between the two power blocs and a European war? Italy must not be the country that bears the responsibility of putting a match to the powder keg.” Italy wanted to colonize Libya, which at the time was a province of the Ottoman Empire. Giovanni Giolitti, prime minister of Italy, speech before the Italian parliament as it debated whether to attack Ottoman Libya, 1911
P305-Q48. Moltke’s prediction in Source 1 about the consequences of a potential war between Germany and France is most directly explained by the fact that
(A) France’s recent industrialization made it militarily superior to Germany (B) France had a much larger population than Germany (C) previous conflicts had stirred intense nationalism in France and Germany (D) fascists within Germany sought to use a potential war with France as an excuse to establish a dictatorship
Answer: (C)
P306-Q49. Giolitti’s concerns in Source 2 about the potential consequences of conflict in the Balkans are most directly explained by which of the following developments in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
(A) Ethnic and religious diversity in European states ensured that ethnic tensions in one region would quickly spread across Europe and spark civil wars. (B) European states entered into military alliances with each other that forced them to come to their allies’ aid in the event of conflict with a nonallied state. (C) Military experts feared that future wars between European states would likely be far deadlier than past wars, because of the recent development of more advanced weapons. (D) Conflict between European rivals had already led to the dissolution of imperial states such as the Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Answer: (B)
P306-Q50. In addition to the potential destabilization of the Ottoman Empire, Giolitti’s argument in Source 2 regarding Italy’s ambitions in Libya is likely explained by the concern that any attempt by a European state to acquire colonies in Africa could
(A) lead African states to unite with each other against European powers (B) greatly endanger the spread of Catholicism and enable the spread of Islam (C) encourage Japan to take advantage of the situation and conquer Italian colonies in Asia (D) dangerously intensify rivalries between European states seeking to acquire territories and resources
Answer: (D)
DAVID OLÈRE, FRENCH JEWISH PAINTER, WHO SPENT MORE THAN TWO YEARS (MARCH 1943 TO MAY 1945) AS AN INMATE IN AUSCHWITZ AND OTHER NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMPS, THE FOOD OF THE DEAD FOR THE LIVING, PAINTED CIRCA 1950
P307-Q51. The implementation of the policies of extermination shown in the image is most directly explained by which of the following aspects of Nazi ideology?
(A) The idea that Germans descended from a master “Aryan” race (B) The idea that some minority populations could eventually be Germanized (C) The idea that minority populations within Germany were somehow responsible for its defeat during the First World War (D) The idea that Germany needed to expand its postwar borders in order to provide “living space” for its people
Answer: (C)
P307-Q52. The image can best help explain which of the following differences between the Nazi program of genocide and other acts of genocide in the early twentieth century?
(A) The Nazis persecuted specific ethnic and religious groups because they viewed them as threats to the state. (B) The Nazis industrialized the killing process, allowing them to commit murder on a massive scale. (C) The Nazis attempted to conceal their atrocities from the larger international community. (D) The Nazis committed their crimes during the course of a major international conflict.
Answer: (B)
P307-Q53. Which of the following most directly explains the Nazis’ ability to carry out the policies of extermination shown in the image?
(A) Jews in many regions of Europe had been restricted to certain occupations and had to live in ghettos until the nineteenth century. (B) Many European Jews emigrated to Palestine after the First World War following the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the region. (C) Local populations collaborated with the regime either out of racial prejudice, fear, or hopes for material gain. (D) Nazi officials used propaganda to convince local populations that German occupation would benefit and liberate them.
Answer: (C)
P308-Q54. Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?
(A) Adoption of gunpowder weaponry (B) The Opium Wars (C) The Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 (D) Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism
Answer: (D)
P309-Q55. Which of the following best explains the changes depicted in Map 2 ?
(A) The rise of the Safavid Persian Empire (B) European imperialism and increasing ethnic nationalism (C) Sunni versus Shia rivalries within the Islamic world (D) The decline of Silk Road trade routes
Answer: (B)
P310-Q56. The photograph above of German East African troops best illustrates which of the following historical processes during the First World War?
(A) The increasing inclusion of non-Europeans in European conflicts (B) The undermining of European claims to moral superiority as a result of the destructiveness of the First World War (C) The development of African nationalism as a consequence of Africans’ involvement in European wars (D) The gradual extension of self-rule to Europe’s African colonies in the face of anticolonial protests by Africans
Answer: (A)
P310-Q57. Which of the following was the major long-term political effect of the Great Depression?
(A) Governments began to take a more active role in economic life. (B) Labor unions in industrialized states dominated political life. (C) Philanthropic organizations provided relief for disadvantaged children (D) Governments created policies to restrict international trade.
Answer: (A)
P310-Q58. Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the period 1815 to 1914 ?
(A) The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England, and France. (B) Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans. (C) The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English, and French, sought to impede German unification. (D) The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europe. (E) The Ottomans and the French cooperated in colonizing North Africa.
Answer: (B)
“When the proposal to proclaim the equality of races was rejected by the Peace Conference at Versailles, Viscount Makino, the Japanese representative, made it known that Japan would reintroduce the proposal. Obviously, Japan feels that this issue is momentous for the sake of humanity and the peace of the world. Of the non-white countries, Japan has taken the lead in adopting the best parts of European civilization. Japan codified her laws, and reformed her police and judicial systems, her military and naval forces, thus placing herself almost on an equal footing with that of the European countries. Some whites regard the development of Japan as an unjustifiable encroachment upon their own rights. It is, of course, true that there are still peoples in this world who are so backward in civilization that they cannot at once be admitted into the international family on an equal footing. What they need is proper guidance and direction. When they have reached a certain stage of civilization, they should be given an equal place and rank in the family of nations. Although most Asiatic nations are fully peers of European nations, yet they are discriminated against because of the color of the skin. The root of this discrimination lies in the perverted feeling of racial superiority entertained by the whites. If the present situation continues, there is every likelihood that the peace of the world will be endangered.” Okuma Shigenobu, Japanese member of parliament and former prime minister, “Illusions of the White Race,” article published in a Japanese journal, Tokyo, 1921
P311-Q59. Shigenobu’s point of view regarding Western attitudes toward Japan as expressed in the passage is significant in that similar ideas were used by members of the Japanese government during the period between the First and the Second World Wars to justify
(A) engaging in war with Russia over influence in Manchuria (B) militarizing the Japanese state and expanding its territories in Asia (C) overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate and establishing the Meiji dynasty (D) introducing reforms that industrialized Japan’s economy
Answer: (B)
P311-Q60. Shigenobu’s criticism of European race-based discrimination against Japanese people is significant mostly because it shows that advocates of Japanese imperialism
(A) shared European Enlightenment views about representative government and natural rights (B) accepted Western racial hierarchies and the place that those hierarchies assigned to Asian peoples (C) adopted the European attitudes about a “civilizing mission” and used those attitudes to justify Japan’s own imperial policies (D) vigorously opposed European and United States’ restrictions on Japanese immigration to the United States and Europe or European colonies
Answer: (C)
P311-Q61. Asian reactions to Western claims of racial and cultural superiority, such as the reaction by Shigenobu in the passage, were also instrumental in the period 1918–1945 in the
(A) intensification of anti-imperial resistance activities and independence movements (B) growing number of conversions to Christianity among Asian peoples (C) growing popularity of laissez-faire economic policies in Asian states (D) establishment of European immigrant enclaves in many parts of South and East Asia
Answer: (A)
P312-Q62. Some historians consider the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to have been crucial decades in the development of Western thought. Which of the following best supports that contention?
(A) Discoveries in physics introduced the concepts of uncertainty and relativity, which challenged mechanistic models of the universe. (B) Christian missionaries introduced strains of relativism into Western thought after encountering cultures with radically different world views. (C) Efficiency experts employed scientific methods to regulate the workplace and thereby encouraged faith in economic progress. (D) Visual artists inspired by photography made realism the dominant aim of painter and sculptors.
Answer: (A)
P314-Q63. Which of the following twentieth-century developments most directly weakened European colonial states and contributed to the changes between the two maps?
(A) The decline of European economies during the Great Depression (B) Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia during the Second World War (C) Competition between Great Britain and France (D) The conquest of Spanish imperial territories by the United States
Answer: (B)
P314-Q64. Which of the following best describes an important difference between the theories of revolution of Mao Zedong and those of Lenin?
(A) Lenin stressed the need for a powerful state structure. (B) Lenin thought that Marx’s writings were important. (C) Mao claimed that Marx’s early writings were less valid than Marx’s later ones. (D) Mao thought that communism was appropriate only for some nations and cultures. (E) Mao placed emphasis on the revolutionary potential of peasants.
Answer: (E)
The biological fact of race and the myth of “race” should be distinguished. For all practical social purposes “race” is not so much a biological phenomenon as a social myth. The myth of “race” has created an enormous amount of human and social damage. In recent years it has taken a heavy toll in human lives and caused untold suffering.
A. According to present knowledge there is no proof that the groups of mankind differ in their innate mental characteristics, whether in respect of intelligence or temperament.
B. There is no evidence that race mixture as such produces bad results from the biological point of view.
C. All normal human beings are capable of learning to share in common life, to understand the nature of mutual service and reciprocity, and to respect social obligations and contracts.
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), statement about the “science of race,” 1949
P314-Q65. The declaration’s mention of a “heavy toll” in the third paragraph was most likely a reference to which of the following?
(A) The casualties of the First World War (B) The deaths that occurred as a result of the use of nuclear weapons during the Second World War (C) The deaths that occurred during the Holocaust (D) The mass violence that occurred under communist leaders, such as Mao Zedong
Answer: (C)
Source 1
“German wartime propaganda [during the First World War] has been criticized on many different grounds, but its success in blaming the war on Russia was a masterstroke, mobilizing widespread Russophobia in the working classes, the people most opposed to armed conflict, and playing on the threat of invasion. As [a daily newspaper in Berlin] told its readers, ‘the German people may honestly say once more in this hour that it did not want this war. . . . But it will not allow the soil of the Fatherland to be overrun and devastated by Russian regiments.’ The brief occupation of East Prussian territory by Russian units at the end of August fanned fears of the so-called ‘blood Tsar’ and his ‘Cossack hordes’ further. Exaggerated atrocity stories appeared in the press and were given credibility by the letters of men serving [at the front].
Under such circumstances, it was hardly surprising that men of all classes decided that it was their patriotic duty to fight. . . . [I]n Germany, surrounded on all sides by enemies, the rush to volunteer was immediate and spontaneous. With no official encouragement, 260,672 enlistment requests were received in Prussia alone during the first week of mobilization. . . . Moreover, contrary to the usual claim [made by historians] that volunteers were ‘war-enthused’ students or schoolchildren, examination of muster rolls [lists of new recruits] and letters demonstrates that a broad cross-section of urban society enlisted, mainly for reasons of patriotic self-defense.”
Alexander Watson, British historian, Enduring the Great War, 2008
Source 2
“In Britain, the interpretation of what constituted sensitive military news and should therefore be suppressed was broad, but censorship was handled far less obtrusively [than in Germany]. Essentially, the British system consisted of a close control of news at the source by military authorities, combined with a tight-knit group of ‘press lords’ who . . . decided what was ‘good for the country to know.’ Important losses or battles often went completely unmentioned. When the [British] battleship Audacious was sunk by a mine on 27 October 1914 off the Irish coast, the loss was simply never announced. When the Battle of Jutland [a major naval engagement between British and German fleets] was under way, not one civilian knew about it.
[Even when official censorship sometimes foundered], the press willingly censored itself. Why did British journalists cooperate so willingly in suppressing important news? The obvious answer is that they all belonged to the same club, whose membership also included the most powerful politicians. Publishing a casualty list (or a letter from a wounded corporal about military bungling) would have meant expulsion from the club; social ostracism apparently meant more to the newsmen than their professional duty to inform the public. The government also possessed positive incentives. In addition to breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner, and golf weekends in the company of the powerful, knighthoods and lordships were generously distributed among the press and, finally, prestigious posts in government itself.
Alice Goldfarb Marquis, United States historian, “Words as Weapons: Propaganda in Britain and Germany during the First World War,” article published in an academic journal, 1978
P315-Q66. Watson, in the first paragraph of Source 1, uses the newspaper quote to support the claim that
(A) Russian troops committed atrocities against German civilians (B) German propaganda portrayed the conflict with Russia as a defensive war (C) parts of eastern Germany were occupied by Russian troops in the early stages of the war (D) ordinary Germans were not genuinely afraid of the effects of a possible Russian invasion
Answer: (B)
P315-Q67. Which of the following types of evidence does Watson (Source 1) cite to support his claim that early German support for the war was not limited to the young?
(A) Muster rolls and letters (B) Newspaper articles (C) Propaganda ministry records (D) The works of other historians of the war
Answer: (A)
P316-Q68. Goldfarb, in Source 2, most directly supports her claim that the British press during the First World War routinely suppressed important war news by citing
(A) letters by soldiers complaining of the incompetence of their leaders (B) rewards given to journalists by the British government (C) the more obtrusive press censorship of German authorities (D) the case of the sinking of a battleship and the Battle of Jutland
Answer: (D)
P316-Q69. Which of the following statements best represents a nationalistic interpretation of the collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires during and immediately after the First World War?
(A) Military weakness and political instability were the primary reasons for the collapse of these empires. (B) The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse. (C) The slow pace of industrialization in these empires left them unable to compete militarily and politically with more developed countries. (D) Religious differences between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire led to their final collapse.
Answer: (B)