AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (1750–1900) (Part A)¶
状态: ✅ 已完成
创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：37 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：37 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (1750–1900)
- 本部分：Part A（37 题）
P228-Q1. “Again, another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries.” Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts?
(A) Nationalism (B) Imperialism (C) Liberalism (D) Marxism
Answer: (B)
P228-Q2. “Extraterritoriality” can best be described as which of the following?
(A) Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live (B) Expansion of a country’s international borders to natural boundaries (C) Extension of dual citizenship to immigrants (D) Acquisition of new colonies or territories (E) Establishment of a government in exile
Answer: (A)
P228-Q3. “The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have clashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have been played out.” The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of
(A) Social Darwinism (B) communism (C) National Socialism (D) anarchism
Answer: (A)
P229-Q4. “Whereas we, the undersigned kings and chiefs of Fanti, have unanimously resolved and agreed upon the articles hereinafter named. “Article 1—That we form ourselves into a Committee with the view of effecting unity of purpose and of action between the kings and chiefs of the Fanti territory. “Article 12—That the Representative Assembly of the Fanti Confederation shall have the power of preparing laws, ordinances, bills, etc.” Excerpt, Constitution of the Fanti Confederation, West Africa, 1871 Which of the following best describes the excerpt above?
(A) A liberal nationalist response to colonialism (B) A Marxist-influenced call to revolution (C) An appeal to European imperial powers to end the slave trade (D) A rejection of traditional religious practice as a means of industrialization
Answer: (A)
P229-Q5. A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries’ activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth- century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
(A) African accounts of converting to Christianity (B) Fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts (C) Data on the number of missionaries going to Africa (D) Recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in Europe
Answer: (A)
P230-Q6. The trade patterns shown on the map above depict
(A) British imports of raw cotton and exports of finished cotton in the 1850s (B) major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century (C) alternate trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars (D) routes that developed in response to the building of railroads in North America (E) illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century
Answer: (A)
P230-Q7. The trade patterns shown on the map above depict
(A) British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century (B) major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century (C) British trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the First World War (D) illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century
Answer: (A)
“I read with interest the recent article in your newspaper entitled ‘Should a Woman Demand All the Rights of a Man?’ In my view, to answer that question correctly, we first need to examine the roles of men and women in civilization—especially modern civilization—because what may have been true in ancient times no longer applies in our present situation.
Modern civilization has moved beyond the condition of the past because society is no longer characterized by roughness and reliance on physical power. Victory no longer goes to him who was the strongest, the best able to endure hardship, or committed the most atrocities.
By contrast, the basis of our modern civilization is good upbringing and the refinement of morals through the development of literary knowledge, courtesy, and compassion for the oppressed, all of which women are better at. So all our doctors and scientists who exalt man’s strong muscles, his wide skull, his long arm-to-body ratio and the like, miss the point entirely. Those physical facts, while undeniable, no longer grant man preference over woman in modern civilization.”
Letter from an anonymous female reader to the Egyptian journal Al-Hilal, 1894
P231-Q8. Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author’s view in the third paragraph about the status of women in “modern civilization” ?
(A) Muslim religious scholars (B) Rural peasants (C) The urban middle class (D) The landed aristocracy
Answer: (C)
P231-Q9. The letter’s reference in the third paragraph to the claims of “our doctors and scientists” is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes?
(A) Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans. (B) The achievements of medieval Muslim science became known in the West, stimulating new interest in biology and medicine. (C) Bourgeois ideas of cultural and literary refinement became prevalent in many parts of the world. (D) The scientific method stressing experimentation and the collection of empirical evidence was discovered and first used.
Answer: (A)
The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal.” Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900
P232-Q10. The founding of “the Australian nation,” as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes?
(A) The creation of mercantilist empires to extract natural resources (B) European states’ establishment of settler colonies (C) European companies’ establishment of overseas trading posts (D) Japan’s creation of its own empire in Asia
Answer: (B)
P232-Q11. Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
(A) Britain’s founding of Australia followed God’s command to convert non-Whites. (B) All peoples of the world have the right to determine their own government. (C) Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa. (D) Nations go to war with each other mainly to gain precious metals.
Answer: (C)
P232-Q12. In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following?
(A) European states’ competition to acquire overseas colonies (B) The abolitionist movement to end slavery (C) The creation of industrialized economies in Europe (D) Efforts by European missionaries to convert non-Europeans to Christianity for their spiritual salvation
Answer: (A)
P232-Q13. Pearson’s argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?
(A) Free-market capitalism (B) Marxism (C) Mercantilism (D) Social Darwinism
Answer: (D)
“In theory, all of the peoples of the world, though different in their degree of civilization and enlightenment are created equal and are brothers before God. As universal love advances, the theory goes, and as the regulations of international law are put into place, the entire world will soon be at peace. This theory is currently espoused mainly by Western Christian ministers or by persons who are enamored of that religion. However, when we leave this fiction and look at the facts regarding international relations today, we find them shockingly different. Do nations honor treaties? We find not the slightest evidence that they do. When countries break treaties, there are no courts to judge them. Therefore, whether a treaty is honored or not depends entirely on the financial and military powers of the countries involved. Money and soldiers are not for the protection of existing principles; they are the instruments for the creation of principles where none exist. There are those moralists who would sit and wait for the day when all wars would end. Yet in my opinion the Western nations are growing ever stronger in the skills of war. In recent years, these countries devise strange new weapons and day by day increase their standing armies. One can argue that that is truly useless, truly stupid. Yet if others are working on being stupid, then I must respond in kind. If others are violent, then I too must become violent. International politics is the way of force rather than the way of virtue—and we should accept that.” Yukichi Fukuzawa, Japanese intellectual, Commentary on the Current Problems, 1881
P233-Q14. Based on the passage, it can be inferred that in the late nineteenth century international relations were increasingly perceived as being governed by
(A) Social Darwinism and international power politics (B) the Enlightenment and theories of natural rights (C) traditional or religious morality (D) socialism and the concept of international workers’ solidarity
Answer: (A)
P233-Q15. Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by
(A) military conquests of large territories administered as military states (B) intense colonization and settlement of large areas (C) active international interaction through trade and diplomacy (D) coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements (E) frequent coastal raids along with racial segregation imposed on conquered peoples
Answer: (D)
P233-Q16. Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire?
(A) Japan (B) China (C) Brazil (D) Argentina
Answer: (A)
INFORMATION ON PROFITS AND RISKS OF VARIOUS INVESTMENT TYPES, PROVIDED BY ENGLISH COMMERCIAL BANKS AND OTHER PRIVATE LENDERS TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS, 1750 TO 1800
| Investment Opportunity | Expected Rates of Return or Rates of Interest Charged (per year or per voyage) | Perceived Risk |
|---|---|---|
| Land in Great Britain | 3–6% per year | Low |
| Investing in commercial enterprises in Great Britain | 6–12% per year | Variable |
| Land in India | 12% per year | Low-Moderate |
| Loans to European merchants in India or China | 10–15% per year | Moderate-High |
| Loans to Indian or Chinese merchants in India or China | 14–25% per year | Moderate-High |
| Financing trading voyages for Chinese ships from China to Southeast Asia | 30–40% per voyage | High |
| Financing trading voyages for European ships to India, China, Southeast Asia, or the Arabian Peninsula | 18–50% per voyage | High |
Source: Adapted from Jessica Hanser, "From Cross-Cultural Credit to Colonial Debt: British Expansion in Madras and Canton, 1750–1800," American Historical Review 124:1 (2019).
P234-Q17. Which of the following most likely explains the differences in the perceived risk associated with investing in land in Britain and investing in land in India, as shown in the table?
(A) While improvements in agricultural productivity made investing in land in Britain relatively safe, Britain was still in the process of securing its control over India. (B) Britain had a well-developed cottage manufacturing economy that could supplement agricultural income, while India did not. (C) Rapid urbanization in Britain facilitated large increases in land prices, while the decline of the Mughal Empire led to economic stagnation in India. (D) While Britain had irrigation systems that made its agricultural land productive, India’s climate made sustaining agriculture difficult.
Answer: (A)
Every denial of justice, every beating by the police, every demand of [colonial] workers that is drowned in blood, every scandal that is hushed up, every punitive expedition . . . brings home to us the value of our old societies. They were communal societies, never societies of the many for the few. They were societies that were not only pre-capitalist, but also anti-capitalist. They were democratic societies, always. They were cooperative societies, fraternal societies. I make a systematic defense of the societies destroyed by imperialism.” Aimé Césaire, Afro-Caribbean intellectual, Discourse on Colonialism, 1953
P235-Q18. Césaire’s statement above was most likely made in response to
(A) the growing superpower influence in Africa and Asia during the Cold War (B) the success of the Indian independence movement (C) European colonizers’ claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies (D) leaders of the decolonization movement arguing for the adoption of parliamentary democracy after achieving independence
Answer: (C)
The misfortunes and decline of this country [Bengal, a region in eastern India] began on the day of the Muslim conquest. Just as a storm wreaks destruction and disorder upon a garden, so did the unscrupulous and tyrannical Muslims destroy the happiness and good fortune of Bengal. Ravaged by endless waves of oppression, the people of Bengal became withdrawn and timid. Hinduism, our native religion, also took distorted forms. But there are limits to everything. When the oppressions of the Muslims became intolerable, Brahma, the Lord of the Universe, provided a means of escape. The resumption of Bengal’s good fortune began on the day the British flag was first planted on this land. Tell me, if Muslim rule had continued, what would the condition of this country have been today? It must be loudly declared that it is to bless us that the Lord Brahma has brought the English to this country. British rule has ended the atrocities of Muslim rule. There can be no comparison between the two: the difference seems to be greater than that between darkness and light or between misery and bliss.” Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876
P235-Q19. The author’s political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage
(A) neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations (B) disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism (C) omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India (D) attributes historical events to divine intervention
Answer: (C)
P235-Q20. The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why
(A) social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule (B) syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies (C) nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular Enlightenment ideals (D) settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies
Answer: (A)
P236-Q21. A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti’s lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century?
(A) Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. (B) Imperial states often granted preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. (C) Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. (D) Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.
Answer: (C)
P236-Q22. Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
(A) Louis Pasteur’s germ theory of disease (B) Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution (C) Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity (D) Marie Curie’s theory of radioactivity
Answer: (B)
P236-Q23. Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin’s 1859 work On the Origin of Species?
(A) It became the basis for scientific research of human development. (B) It provided a scientific explanation of the evolution of animals and plants. (C) It became the basis for all subsequent scientific research on species extinction. (D) It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
Answer: (D)
CHARLES GUSTAVE SPITZ, FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHER, CELEBRATING BASTILLE DAY IN TAHITI, PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN FOR PUBLICATION IN THE FRENCH PRESS, 1889 Mark and Carolyn Blackburn Collection of Polynesian Art/Bridgeman Images French national holiday celebrating the 1789 French Revolution **French colonial territory in Polynesia, the South Pacific
P237-Q24. Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph?
(A) To document the changes in Polynesian political hierarchies and gender roles brought about by imperialism (B) To illustrate the photographer’s belief that Tahitians were racially inferior to Europeans (C) To record the rapidly vanishing customs and institutions of native Polynesians (D) To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
Answer: (D)
P237-Q25. The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880?
(A) Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians. (B) Tahiti provided France with valuable sources of raw materials as well as with markets for French manufactured goods. (C) The spread of Enlightenment ideas and anticolonial movements led many Tahitians to demand independence from France. (D) French control of Tahiti was under threat from expanding rival colonial empires in the Pacific, such as Great Britain, Japan, and the United States.
Answer: (A)
P238-Q26. Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image?
(A) The spread of Marxist ideas (B) The Taiping Rebellion in China (C) The scramble for Africa (D) The unification of Germany
Answer: (C)
P238-Q27. Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century?
(A) Africans’ unified resistance to European intervention (B) Europeans’ desire to develop industry in Africa (C) Europeans’ use of both warfare and diplomacy (D) Africans’ widespread acceptance of European laws
Answer: (C)
P238-Q28. Darwin’s theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that
(A) select human groups would dominate those less fit (B) European countries were more nationalistic (C) non-White groups were better adapted to tropical climates (D) imperialism went against the theory of natural selection (E) education would lead to equality
Answer: (A)
P240-Q29. During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ?
(A) Qajar Iran (B) The Ottoman Empire (C) The United States (D) The Holy Roman Empire
Answer: (C)
P240-Q30. The primary rationale for Japan’s territorial acquisitions in Southeast Asia during the period 1933–1942, as reflected in Map 2, was most similar to the primary rationale for which of the following?
(A) The Ottoman Empire’s conquest of the Middle East and North Africa (B) France’s conquests in central and southern Europe under Napoleon (C) The British East India Company’s takeover of other European states’ colonial possessions in India (D) The Qing dynasty’s expansion into Central Asia
Answer: (C)
P240-Q31. The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
(A) European economic imperialism in Qing China (B) Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms (C) American and European influence over Tokugawa Japan (D) Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism
Answer: (B)
P241-Q32. The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following?
(A) Improvements in medical care (B) Restrictions of educational opportunities for colonial subjects (C) Local resistance to colonial rule (D) Influence of scientific theories on race © BnF, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below.
Answer: (D)
© BnF, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below.
P242-Q33. Ethiopia’s cultural traditions reflected in the painting had which of the following effects on Ethiopia’s interactions with European colonial empires in the late nineteenth century?
(A) They provided Ethiopians with an additional rationale for resisting European encroachment. (B) They created an opportunity for Ethiopia to participate in the European alliance system. (C) They strengthened Social Darwinist claims that Ethiopians were inferior to Europeans. (D) They contributed to the isolation of Ethiopia from the emerging global labor network.
Answer: (A)
P242-Q34. Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?
(A) The popularity of democratic values among Asians (B) A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers (C) Europe’s development of new military technologies (D) Asians’ lack of resistance to European diseases (E) Europe’s ability to send numerically superior armies to Asia
Answer: (C)
P242-Q35. In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by
(A) widespread trade in opium (B) the encouragement of slavery (C) extensive conquest of territory (D) small military enclaves along coastlines (E) competition among imperialist powers
Answer: (E)
P243-Q36. In the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by
(A) the encouragement of slavery (B) extensive intermarriage with local peoples (C) small military enclaves along coastlines (D) competition among imperialist powers
Answer: (D)
A SKETCH BY JAN BRANDES, DUTCH LUTHERAN MINISTER LIVING IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA, 1784 Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands / Bridgeman Images The sketch shows the artist’s son Johnny and Flora, an enslaved Indonesian household servant.
P244-Q37. Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes’ sketch?
(A) The recruitment of new bureaucratic elites by Muslim states in Southeast Asia (B) The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia (C) The changes in family demographic structure resulting from the trans-Atlantic slave trade (D) The creation of new gender hierarchies in emerging maritime empires
Answer: (B)