AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450–1750) (Part D)¶
状态: ✅ 已完成
创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：44 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：44 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450–1750)
- 本部分：Part D（44 题）
Image 1 Ivory tip for a king’s ceremonial scepter showing a female ancestor spirit, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800 Werner Forman Archive / Bridgeman Images Image 2 Female figure on a crucifix, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800 Kongo. Crucifix. Stone, pigment, 13 x 6 1/2 x 2 1/2 in. (33.0 x 16.6 x 6.4 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Museum Expedition 1922, Robert B. Woodward Memorial Fund, 22.240.
P148-Q47. The object in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following cultural processes in the period circa 1450–1750?
(A) The spread of Ethiopian cultural traditions in West Africa (B) The influence of the Columbian Exchange on artistic traditions (C) The development of religious syncretism as cultural traditions spread (D) The intensification of pre-existing religious conflicts and rivalries
Answer: (C)
P148-Q48. In the period 1450 to 1750, the intensification of connections between the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere had which of the following effects on religious practices?
(A) Christianity became more uniform as it spread through the Americas. (B) Buddhism spread widely in Africa. (C) Syncretic forms of religion such as Vodun developed. (D) Splits in Islam became less intense.
Answer: (C)
WALL PAINTING FROM THE PALACE OF THE RULERS OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN STATE OF GOLKONDA, CIRCA 1650 (c) Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford The painting shows celebrations of the wedding of the Muslim ruler of Golkonda and his Hindu bride. The newlyweds are surrounded by attendants of both religions.
P149-Q49. Based on the location of the painting, it can be inferred that its primary purpose was to
(A) inspire religious devotion among the Golkonda rulers’ ordinary subjects (B) serve as a model for Indian court painters in training (C) bolster the legitimacy of the Golkonda dynasty by celebrating its past (D) impress foreign dignitaries and other visitors with the might of the Golkonda military forces
Answer: (C)
“Mexico is the country of inequality. Nowhere does there exist such a profound difference in the distribution of fortune, civilization, cultivation of the soil, and population. The indigenous people offer a picture of extreme misery. They are banished into the most barren districts and live only from hand to mouth. Besides them, there are the people called castas, who spring from the mixture of the races with one another. These castas constitute a mass almost as considerable as the indigenous people.
The government is suspicious of the Creoles[1] and bestows great estates exclusively on European Spaniards. Since 1789 we frequently hear the following being proudly declared, ‘I am not a Spaniard, I am an American!’ These are words that betray a long resentment. In the eye of law, every White Creole is a Spaniard, but the abuse of the laws, the bad policies of the colonial government, and the influence of the opinions of the age have loosened the bonds that formerly united more closely the Mexican Creoles to the European Spaniards.”
Alexander Von Humboldt, Prussian geographer and explorer, Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, 1811
1 a reference to people of European descent who were born in the Americas
P150-Q50. Which of the following most strongly contributed to the formation of new ethnic groups of the type mentioned in the passage in the Americas between circa 1500 and 1750 ?
(A) The expansion of Jesuit missionary activity (B) Political rivalries between European empires (C) Increasing trade links with Asia that were fostered by the global silver trade (D) The development of the Atlantic trading system Refer to the passage below.
Answer: (D)
Refer to the passage below. “During the reign of the Hebrew king Solomon, son of David, the Ethiopian Queen of Sheba, learning of his reputation for wisdom, came from Ethiopia to see and to hear him. Solomon, who had seven hundred queens as wives, received the Queen of Sheba into their number even though she was black. And when she later bore him a son in Ethiopia, she named him after his grandfather, David. This prince, wishing to receive the blessing of his father, came to Jerusalem when he was 22 years old. Solomon not only recognized him as his son, but had him anointed in the Temple, with all proper royal ceremony, as king of Ethiopia. This is the origin of the emperors of Ethiopia, one thousand years before the incarnation of the Son of God. Thus, when the Son of God became man and took the blood of the descendants of David, he had already given that same blood to the blacks of Ethiopia.” Sermon delivered by Antonio Vieira, Portuguese Jesuit priest, to plantation workers in Bahia, Brazil, 1633
P150-Q51. Ideas such as those expressed by Vieira in his sermon would have the most significant influence on which of the following?
(A) Enlightenment challenges to imperial governments in the Americas (B) Enslaved persons’ resistance to authorities in the Americas (C) Growing resistance by plantation owners to European mercantilist practices (D) Challenges to traditional gender hierarchies in the Americas
Answer: (B)
P151-Q52. Vieira’s assertion that Solomon and the Queen of Sheba had a son diverges from the traditional Hebrew account. Which of the following best explains Vieira’s choice to tell this version of the story?
(A) By the seventeenth century, scholars had more information about the events discussed by Vieira. (B) Vieira wished to tailor his sermon to appeal to Brazil’s ethnically and racially diverse population. (C) Vieira was influenced by Jesuit anti-Semitism and wished to undermine the Hebrew account. (D) Vieira was attempting to encourage intermarriage between Brazilians of African and European descent.
Answer: (B)
P151-Q53. The sermon delivered by Vieira is best seen as evidence for which of the following?
(A) The development of new religions in the Americas (B) The mixing of African and European cultures in the Americas (C) The impact of European colonization on the native population of the Americas (D) The intensification of traditional peasant labor in the plantation system
Answer: (B)
P152-Q54. Which of the following aspects of Map 2 can best be used to support the claim that a truly global trading system developed during the period from 1450 to 1750 ?
(A) Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas (B) Extensive overland trade routes in Eurasia (C) The existence of Mediterranean trade routes connecting Europe, Asia and Africa (D) The continued presence of multiple long-distance trade routes to India
Answer: (A)
P153-Q55. Which of the following was the most important factor in the development of new long-distance maritime commercial patterns in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
(A) The decline of the Mediterranean trade networks in the aftermath of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (B) The emergence of North America as a major grain exporting center (C) The abandonment of mercantilist policies in favor of free trade by most European nations (D) The European settlement and exploitation of natural resources in the Americas
Answer: (D)
P153-Q56. The photograph above of the Süleymaniye mosque in Istanbul exemplifies which of the following historical processes?
(A) The interaction of humans and the environment (B) The synthesis of established cultural traditions and new traditions (C) Competition between traditional elites and the wealthy urban class for control of cultural traditions (D) The spread of missionary religions over global trade networks
Answer: (B)
“Many [Ottoman] Sunni religious scholars have labeled the Sufi whirling rituals as ‘dancing,’ and have pronounced them forbidden, branding those who approve of them as infidels. The Sufis counter that these rituals are not dancing, arguing instead that they enliven the soul through a combination of music and movement, which, they say, allows them to focus on the spiritual aspects of religion. The common people flock to the Sufis, giving them offerings and gifts. Since their whirling rituals play a big part in their popularity, they will not abandon these practices anytime soon. The Sunni scholars have written many tracts and opinions against them . . . and this tug-of-war between the two parties has brought them into a vicious circle.” religious observances practiced by some Sufis in the Ottoman Empire Katip Çelebi, Ottoman official, The Balance of Truth, philosophical and scientific treatise, 1656
P154-Q57. Which of the following conclusions regarding the Ottoman Empire is best supported by the passage?
(A) Ottoman policies sought to limit the activities of some religious groups. (B) Many members of the Ottoman religious establishment practiced Sufism. (C) Ottoman rulers promoted an inclusive and tolerant interpretation of Islamic doctrine. (D) Ottoman policies toward Sufism caused conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and other Muslim states.
Answer: (A)
P154-Q58. The author’s position on the religious controversy in the passage can best be described as that of
(A) a strong supporter of the official Ottoman religious establishment (B) an impartial observer describing the controversy without taking sides (C) a practitioner of the Sufi way with its emphasis on increased spirituality (D) an advocate of the right of the people to freely choose their own religion
Answer: (B)
“Last Will and Testament I, Anna de São Jozé da Trindade, Roman Catholic since baptism, always firm in the faith of the Catholic religion, declare the present Will in the following manner: I declare that I was born on the Coast of Africa from where I was transported to the states of Brazil and the city of Salvador in the state of Bahia where I have lived until the present. I was a slave of Theodozia Maria da Cruz, who bought me as part of a parcel of slaves, and who freed me for the amount of one hundred mil-réis, which I gave her in cash. And as a freed woman I have enjoyed this same freedom without the least opposition until the present time. I declare that I was never married and always remained single. And in this state I had five children. I declare that the goods I possess are the following: a slave by the name of Maria, whom I leave conditionally freed for the amount of sixty mil-réis, to be paid to my granddaughter. I also possess a group of two-story houses with shops at street level and a basement below with lodgings, located on the Ladeira do Carmo, where I live on land belonging to me.” currency unit in colonial Brazil Anna de São Jozé da Trindade, Afro-Brazilian woman, last will and testament, 1823
P155-Q59. The passage best supports which of the following statements?
(A) A small number of women were able to acquire wealth and property on their own. (B) Slaves were permitted to maintain families of their own. (C) Women contributed to the family income by weaving textiles. (D) Women were the legal heads of the household in most families.
Answer: (A)
World Economic Theory, 1500-1800 The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible.
P155-Q60. Which of the following is an illustration of this world economy theory?
(A) China was not massively affected by world patterns in the period. (B) The rise of Protestantism and the Scientific Revolution transformed European cultures. (C) Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items. (D) Britain had a relatively weak central government compared to France. (E) Christian missionaries opposed enslaving native peoples.
Answer: (C)
P156-Q61. • Letters written by Franciscan friars • Pictorial records of the Mexica • Statues produced by local artists in New Spain • Histories written in Spanish and Nahuatl A historian examining Mesoamerica in the sixteenth century would best utilize the sources above to analyze which of the following topics?
(A) The process of introducing the encomienda system (B) How Christian ideas were communicated to and understood by Amerindians (C) Conflicts between the Jesuits and the Franciscans (D) The extent of the decline of the Amerindian population
Answer: (B)
P156-Q62. Many forced and free migrants practiced the religious beliefs of their homelands as a way of adapting to unfamiliar experiences and environments in their destination societies. Which of the following processes best supports the historical argument above?
(A) African slaves in the Americas integrating African beliefs into their practice of Christianity (B) Japanese elites of the Tokugawa period encouraging the spread of Buddhism to promote cultural cohesion (C) Chinese migrant laborers in the United States converting to Christianity in order to better fit into the dominant culture (D) The indigenous rulers of Islamic states in Southeast Asia adapting aspects of Islam to local cultural and religious traditions
Answer: (A)
P156-Q63. Which of the following best exemplifies mercantilism as it was practiced in the Atlantic trading system by 1750 ?
(A) The belief of colonists in the Americas that free trade was desirable (B) Colonial government policies in Europe that prevented the private accumulation of precious metals (C) International agreements by European governments to protect the freedom of the seas (D) The protection of European merchant companies by their respective governments
Answer: (D)
P156-Q64. Which of the following best describes the Mughal Empire?
(A) A political-economic-social system that recognized equality of all citizens (B) A system in which an Islamic minority ruled over a Hindu majority (C) A government based on an examination system (D) A social and political system that sought to value equally its Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist populations (E) The rule of a Hindu majority over a Buddhist minority
Answer: (B)
P157-Q65. Which of the following best describes patriarchal gender systems?
(A) Women are not allowed to work. (B) Women are confined to the home. (C) Women can be bought and sold. (D) Women are inferiors and must be protected by men. (E) Women are not allowed by men to serve as political rulers.
Answer: (D)
P157-Q66. The building in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, shown above, is an example of which of the following concepts?
(A) Syncretism (B) Iconoclasm (C) Isolationism (D) Cultural diffusion
Answer: (D)
P157-Q67. Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?
(A) Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology (B) Lack of European interest in African goods (C) Directives from the pope to limit trade between Christians and Africans (D) Fear of death from tropical diseases
Answer: (A)
“When we were in Canton, a port in southern China, we came across a woman who cried out in Portuguese ‘Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name.’ And because she could speak no more of our language, she very earnestly asked us in Chinese to tell her whether we were Christians. We replied that we were, and for proof we repeated all the rest of the Lord’s Prayer which she had left unsaid. Being assured that we were Christians, she pulled us aside, and weeping said to us, ‘Come along, Christians from the other end of the world, with your true sister in the faith of Jesus Christ.’ Furthermore, she told us that she was named Inez de Leyria, and her father was a great ambassador from Portugal to the Emperor of China. The ambassador married her mother, a Chinese woman, and made her a Christian. Along with her, many were converted to the faith of Christ. During the five days we remained in her house, we made them a little book in Chinese, containing many good prayers.” Account of Fernão Mendes Pinto, Portuguese explorer and merchant, circa
P158-Q68. The Portuguese presence in southern China as described in the passage was most directly enabled by which of the following?
(A) The declining role of Muslim and Jewish merchants in transporting goods within Asia (B) Technological developments in cartography and navigation (C) Improvements in silver-mining technology (D) The creation of laissez-faire state policies
Answer: (B)
P158-Q69. Which of the following would best support the assertion that hierarchies based on racial classification emerged after 1500 C.E. to maintain the authority of new elite groups in the Americas?
(A) The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto and creole (B) The increasingly common use of European names in the Americas (C) New maritime technology facilitating long-term voyages by Europeans (D) The introduction of slavery to the Americas after the voyages of Columbus
Answer: (A)
P159-Q70. Courtesy of The National Archives Commander Cotton’s reaction to the events in Jamaica, in the notice above, might best be understood in the context
of which of the following?
(A) The expansion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade across the Caribbean (B) Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority (C) Growing profitability of plantation slavery in the Americas (D) The waning influence of religious ideas and millenarianism in nationalist conflicts
Answer: (B)
P160-Q71. The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the
(A) Asian demand for luxury goods (B) European use of steam power (C) high demand for European agricultural produce in China and India (D) lower prices of European manufactured products (E) opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico
Answer: (E)
“There are one hundred and fifty households in Manila. The houses of the city are so suitable and those of the country so charming that life in those islands is altogether delightful. At one end of the city is the quarter for the Chinese merchants. There are about twenty thousand of them. It is a very curious place to see, because of the fine order in which the Chinese live. Every kind of merchandise has its own separate area, and those goods are so rare that they merit admiration.
The Spanish merchants of Manila intermix with the Chinese and the Portuguese of Macao so that they may enjoy the freedom to participate in commerce with China. The Spanish do not attempt to hide the fact that they are acting as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico and lately they have sent a great quantity of merchandise to Peru and to Mexico from Asia. The emperor of China could build a palace with the silver bars from Peru that have been carried to his country because of that traffic, without their ships having been registered, and without taxes having been paid to the king of Spain.”
Jerónimo de Bañuelos y Carrillo, Spanish admiral, description of the trade of the Philippines, published in Mexico, 1638
P160-Q72. Which of the following claims made in the second paragraph would a historian likely cite to demonstrate how European expansion created a truly global economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
(A) The Chinese emperor could build a palace from all the silver that arrives from Peru. (B) Many Spanish merchants have successfully avoided paying taxes to the king of Spain. (C) Merchants of different ethnic groups seek to engage in trade with China. (D) The ships that Spanish merchants use are often not registered.
Answer: (A)
P160-Q73. The author’s claim that the Spanish inhabitants of Manila act as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico can best be described as a reference to which of the following?
(A) The mercantilist trade regulations enforced by Spanish colonial authorities (B) The cultural connections between regions created by Catholic religious orders, such as the Jesuits (C) The differences between the administrative framework of European trading post empires and settler empires (D) The resentment of colonial-born Spanish Creole populations against their second-class status in imperial societies
Answer: (A)
P161-Q74. Which of the following describes an accurate similarity between the Qing and Russian empires in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
(A) Both relied heavily on maritime trade as a source of material goods. (B) Both successfully resisted pressure from industrialized powers. (C) Both were heavily influenced by the intellectual work of Jesuit missionaries. (D) Both had vast territories with peoples of various ethnicities and languages.
Answer: (D)
P161-Q75. The Mughal Empire and the Ottoman Empire before 1700 C.E. shared which of the following characteristics?
(A) Both empires were able to expand without meeting strong resistance. (B) Both empires formally restricted foreign trade. (C) Both empires were ruled by a single religious official. (D) Both empires were religiously and culturally diverse.
Answer: (D)
“With the powerful help of the Catholic Church and the religious orders, the Portuguese were able to impose their language and culture on a considerable portion of Brazil [by 1700]. Even the [colonial] elite had no educational opportunities in Brazil beyond . . . secondary school. Their only alternative was to leave Brazil for Coimbra University [in Portugal], where one hundred of the sons of the colonial Brazilian elite studied law or medicine during the colonial period. Even Coimbra was a very narrow window onto the intellectual revolution that was transforming the rest of Europe. The luckiest of the lucky young colonialists took a diversion to France, which by the early eighteenth century was caught up in the ferment of the Enlightenment. By the late 1700s, the . . . Portuguese influence began to lift, as the colonial elite began to produce its own literature. To this emerging literary tradition was added the beginnings of a popular culture. The first component—religious festivals . . . and a folklore that revolved around religious holidays—was imported from the Portuguese. . . . To this was added the Indian and African presence, which furnished the foundation for the rich tradition of popular music and dance in modern Brazil. In part, this evolution came about because Brazil had become richer and more important than the mother country. Portugal’s fate was now tied to the wealth of its American colony, rather than the other way around.” Thomas Skidmore, United States historian, excerpt from academic book, Brazil: Five Centuries of Change, 1999
P161-Q76. The transformation described in the fourth and fifth paragraphs best reflects which development in the Americas from the period 1450–1750 ?
(A) The Columbian Exchange (B) The growing reliance on cash crop plantation agriculture (C) The synthesis of African, American, and European cultures (D) The prevalence of racial prejudice among members of Brazil’s elites
Answer: (C)
P163-Q77. The establishment of Dutch economic and political influence in Southeast Asia as shown in Map 1 was most directly a result of which of the following?
(A) Industrialization (B) Indentured labor migration (C) Joint-stock trading companies (D) Atlantic slave trade
Answer: (C)
P163-Q78. Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) primarily because they
(A) needed to resolve their territorial disputes after the discovery of ocean routes to the Americas and the Indian Ocean (B) were concerned that the Western Hemisphere’s native peoples be treated humanely by the European conquerors (C) needed to agree on the official languages for Central and South America in order to keep out English and French (D) wanted to protect the existing religions in South Asia and the Western Hemisphere (E) did not wish to disrupt the plant and animal life of the Western Hemisphere with the introduction of foreign species
Answer: (A)
P163-Q79. Which of the following best supports the conclusion that after 1450 C.E. interactions between the hemispheres created syncretic systems of religious belief?
(A) Amerindian groups in the American Southwest converted to Catholicism after Spanish missionaries arrived. (B) A Peruvian native wrote a letter to the king of Spain asking for his protection from Spanish diseases. (C) Northern Mexican peasants referred to the Christian saint Mary as Tonantzin, which was the name of a local deity. (D) An eighteenth-century African American poet and slave remembered little of her native religion, despite having been born in Senegal.
Answer: (C)
Senegal. © BnF, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below.
P164-Q80. The painting can best be used as evidence for which of the following world historical trends that took place during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?
(A) The use of art to glorify rulers (B) The sponsorship of art by new elites (C) Governments using art to foster nationalism among their populations (D) The diffusion of African artistic traditions across Indian Ocean trade routes
Answer: (B)
“Wila Uma, the Inca general, addressed the Spanish [conquistadors] with the following words: ‘What are you doing to our ruler? This is how you repay his good will? Did he not command all of his people to give you tribute? Did he not give you a house filled with gold and silver? Did he not give you his servants to serve you? What more can he give you now that you have imprisoned him? All the people of this land are so distressed by your actions, because they have lost all they possess, and their distress leaves them no choice but to hang themselves or risk everything by rebelling. Thus, I believe it would be best for you to release him from this prison to lessen the grief of these people.’ . . . Manco Inca, a previous Inca ruler and father of Titu Cusi, whom the Spanish had imprisoned after conquering the Inca capital of Cuzco in 1533 Titu Cusi, ruler of a regional Inca state established after the Spanish had conquered the Inca Empire, letter to the Spanish king detailing the abuses of the Spanish during the conquest, 1570
P165-Q81. Which of the following was the most important long-term effect of the European acquisition of the wealth and resources of the Americas, as alluded to in the passage?
(A) A lasting shift in the balance of trade between Europe and Asia (B) The decline of feudalism in Europe (C) A decrease in the influence of Christianity worldwide (D) The end of Chinese maritime exploration in the Indian Ocean
Answer: (A)
P165-Q82. The sentiments expressed in the passage most directly indicate
(A) opposition to growing syncretic religions (B) concerns about the spread of epidemic diseases (C) frustration over the establishment of forced labor systems (D) resistance to European colonial expansion and control
Answer: (D)
P165-Q83. Which of the following is the most likely purpose of Titu Cusi’s letter?
(A) To encourage rebellion among the subjects of the Inca Empire (B) To gain help from Christian missionaries in completing the conversion of his subjects (C) To characterize the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire as unjust and illegitimate (D) To increase the political reach of the Inca Empire to its pre-conquest borders
Answer: (C)
NUMBER OF ENSLAVED AFRICANS TRANSPORTED TO THE AMERICAS, 1519–1800
| Period | By British Ships | By French Ships | By Dutch Ships | By Portuguese Ships | Totals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1519–1600 | 2,000 | - | - | 264,100 | 266,100 |
| 1601–1650 | 23,000 | - | 41,000 | 439,500 | 503,500 |
| 1651–1675 | 115,200 | 5,900 | 64,800 | 53,700 | 239,800 |
| 1676–1700 | 243,300 | 34,100 | 56,100 | 161,100 | 510,000 |
| 1701–1725 | 380,900 | 106,300 | 65,500 | 378,300 | 831,000 |
| 1726–1750 | 490,500 | 253,900 | 109,200 | 405,600 | 1,258,200 |
| 1751–1775 | 859,100 | 321,500 | 148,000 | 472,900 | 1,801,500 |
| 1776–1800 | 741,300 | 419,500 | 40,800 | 626,200 | 1,827,800 |
Source: Data adapted from David Eltis, et al. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2000).
P166-Q84. Which of the following developments most directly accounts for the total volume of the slave trade shown in the table for the period 1676–1800 ?
(A) A decline in the influence of guild organizations in Europe (B) Increased demand for sugar in European markets (C) The establishment of independent states in the Americas (D) The growing demand for Asian spices in European colonies in the Americas
Answer: (B)
P166-Q85. Which of the following best characterizes the role of West African states in the trade shown in the table?
(A) They permitted some European merchants to acquire enslaved persons in exchange for Europeans’ providing protection against Ottoman expansion. (B) They reorganized their economies by ending domestic slavery and selling former enslaved persons to European merchants. (C) They acquired enslaved persons from the African interior and sold them to European merchants located along the African coast. (D) They granted European merchants vast autonomy to capture and enslave people from the interior of Africa in exchange for preserving African political independence.
Answer: (C)
P166-Q86. The trend in the volume of the slave trade shown in the table for Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands in the period 1676–1775 most directly reflects which of the following developments?
(A) The growing demand in northern Europe for woolen textiles from Latin America (B) The decline of Spanish power in Latin America following Creole rebellions against colonial rule (C) The growing demand in northern Europe for cotton from the southern United States (D) The decline of older colonial powers such as Spain and Portugal as a result of European colonial conflicts
Answer: (D)
P166-Q87. The data in the table regarding Portuguese vessels in the period 1701–1800 most directly reflect trends in the plantation economy of
(A) Cuba (B) Central America (C) Brazil (D) Peru
Answer: (C)
P166-Q88. Which of the following was a major change in transregional trade patterns from 1500 to 1700 ?
(A) Japanese fleets gained control over most Pacific Ocean trade routes. (B) European manufactured goods came to dominate trans-Saharan trade. (C) Europeans created joint stock companies to engage in overseas trade. (D) Silk Road trade routes came under the control of Mongol rulers.
Answer: (C)
P166-Q89. Which of the following best characterizes world trade in the period 1450 to 1750 ?
(A) Commodities from Africa dominated trade with China and India. (B) The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver. (C) International conflict declined because of growing cooperation among international traders. (D) European dominance of China began. (E) The African slave trade declined.
Answer: (B)
World Economy Theory, 1500-1800 The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe, and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments, which made European conquest and slave systems possible.
P167-Q90. Which of the following best supports the contentions of the world economic theory in the passage?
(A) China was not massively affected by world patterns in the period. (B) The rise of Protestantism and the Scientific Revolution transformed European cultures. (C) Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items. (D) Britain had a relatively weak central government compared to France.
Answer: (C)