AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450–1750) (Part A)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：45 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：45 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450–1750)
- 本部分：Part A（45 题）
P89-Q1. “Migration of man and his maladies is the chief cause of epidemics. And when migration takes place, those creatures who have been in isolation longest suffer most, for their genetic material has been least tempered by the variety of world diseases. Among the major subdivisions of the species Homo Sapiens, the American Indian probably had the dangerous privilege of the longest isolation from the rest of mankind.” Alfred Crosby, world historian, 1967 Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby’s argument in the passage above?
(A) Various Amerindian groups did not have contact with each other before 1492. (B) Amerindians’ long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage. (C) The genetic makeup of the native population of the Americas remained unchanged until 1492. (D) By 1492 Amerindians generally had migrated for shorter distances than had other groups.
Answer: (B)
P89-Q2. “Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms.” © Basil Davidson, trans., [ital] The African Past[roman] (Curtis Brown, Ltd., 1964) The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch form a king located
(A) on the eastern coast of Africa (B) on the western coast of Africa (C) on the Pacific coast of Central America (D) on the Pacific coast of South America (E) in the Pacific Islands
Answer: (B)
P89-Q3. “The inhabitants of the New World were bearers of no serious new infection transferable to the European and African populations that intruded upon their territory . . . whereas the abrupt confrontation with the long array of infections that European and African populations had encountered piecemeal across some four thousand years of civilized history provoked massive demographic disaster among Amerindians.” William McNeill, world historian, 1976 Which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above?
(A) Spanish and Portuguese plantation owners imported large numbers of African slaves to work their fields. (B) Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles. (C) Some Amerindian societies prior to European contact had high population densities and large urban centers of comparable scale to those in Europe. (D) The Spanish system of forced labor in mines such as those in Potosí resulted in thousands of deaths among the Amerindian population.
Answer: (B)
P90-Q4. Which of the following is best concluded about slavery in British North America from the graph above and knowledge of the period?
(A) The increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers. (B) The American Revolution abolished slavery in the former British North American colonies. (C) By 1770, the number of slaves in British North America surpassed the number of slaves in Spanish America. (D) By 1770, slaves outnumbered immigrants in British North America.
Answer: (A)
P90-Q5. A historian researching the effects of epidemic disease on the population levels of seventeenth century colonial Peru would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
(A) Church records of baptisms and funerals (B) Accounts by Spanish doctors of cases of miraculous healings (C) Transcripts of court cases involving inheritances (D) Petitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial government requesting tax relief
Answer: (A)
P91-Q6. The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of
(A) cotton (B) sugar (C) tobacco (D) rice (E) coffee
Answer: (B)
P92-Q7. The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by
(A) increased production of cash crops like sugar (B) growth of silver mining in New Spain (C) industrialized textile mills’ demand for raw cotton (D) African slave-trading kingdoms’ demand for European trade goods
Answer: (A)
P92-Q8. The table best supports which of the following conclusions about Japanese trade in the seventeenth century?
(A) Chinese goods were becoming less desirable than Dutch goods. (B) Japanese imports of foreign goods were funded primarily by the export of precious metals. (C) Imports from China and Europe discouraged local production in Japan. (D) Chinese and Dutch imports accounted for only a small fraction of all imports to Japan. (E) Japan’s ruling samurai elite became wealthy and powerful due to their control over local markets and merchants.
Answer: (B)
P93-Q9. The map above illustrates which of the following?
(A) The most frequent destinations for African emigrants of the twentieth century (B) Predominant areas of origin and destinations of African slaves in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries (C) Proportional flows of African agricultural commodities during the nineteenth century (D) Winds and water currents that affected trans-Atlantic and trans-Saharan trade
Answer: (B)
P93-Q10. During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was
(A) the demand for weapons among African elites (B) bribery of African leaders by Caribbean plantation owners (C) the desire of African leaders to dominate the Atlantic trade network (D) the ambition of African leaders to gain a foothold in the Americas
Answer: (A)
P93-Q11. All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population from 1750 through 1900 EXCEPT
(A) decline of epidemic disease (B) introduction of Western Hemisphere food crops to new areas (C) expansion of land under cultivation (D) new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution
Answer: (D)
P94-Q12. All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT
(A) the shift in trade focus from Saharan routes to the coast (B) destabilization of local African societies (C) the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market (D) increased violence through widespread use of firearms
Answer: (C)
P94-Q13. All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT
(A) the spread of Afro-Eurasian diseases in the Americas (B) soil depletion and erosion from intensive agriculture in the Caribbean (C) American foods becoming staple crops in Africa (D) air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels
Answer: (D)
P94-Q14. Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?
(A) Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished. (B) Bantu peoples increasingly migrated southwards and eastwards. (C) African societies became increasingly monotheistic as they adopted Islam. (D) African states underwent significant urbanization as rural agricultural populations diminished.
Answer: (A)
P95-Q15. Which of the following best explains the relative volume of trade to different destinations as shown on the map?
(A) The need for labor in new mining centers (B) The traditional use of enslaved soldiers by the Ottoman Empire (C) The increasing demand for labor on cash crop plantations (D) The growing desire for household servants among emerging commercial elites
Answer: (C)
P95-Q16. An important reason for China’s rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was
(A) the introduction of new crops from the Americas (B) the end of the bubonic plague in Asia (C) the widespread adoption of the European three-field system (D) unprecedented immigration from the Mughal and Ottoman empires
Answer: (A)
“In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible. In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence. In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor. In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns. In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God. In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease.” Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571–1604
P95-Q17. All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author’s claim that the “pestilence” was “terrible” EXCEPT:
(A) The Maya king died in the epidemic. (B) Fear of the disease drove Maya people to commit suicide. (C) The disease killed members of the Maya elite, including elders and priests. (D) The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.
Answer: (D)
P96-Q18. Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish “destroyed our people”?
(A) The Spanish spread infectious disease among the Maya. (B) The Spanish conquered all Maya towns. (C) Maya people became poor. (D) The Spanish assassinated the king’s eldest son.
Answer: (B)
P96-Q19. Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century?
(A) Dominican friars knew the Maya language. (B) The Maya were converted to Christianity. (C) The Maya nobility lost its social status. (D) Maya people before the conquest were illiterate.
Answer: (B)
P96-Q20. Some world historians have argued that the growth of European influence in the period 1450—1750 was due in large part to non-European inventions. The history of which of the following technological developments best supports this contention?
(A) The compass (B) Silk weaving (C) Steam power (D) The stirrup
Answer: (A)
P96-Q21. Before 1700, Spain governed its American colonies through a system of
(A) appointed administrators (B) independent merchants (C) written constitutions (D) chartered companies (E) elected presidents
Answer: (A)
P96-Q22. Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by
(A) military conquests of large territories administered as military states (B) intense colonization and settlement of large areas (C) active international interaction through trade and diplomacy (D) coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements (E) frequent coastal raids along with racial segregation imposed on conquered peoples
Answer: (D)
P97-Q23. Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market?
(A) Wheat and barley (B) Corn and beans (C) Bananas and oranges (D) Wool and beef (E) Sugar and tobacco
Answer: (E)
P97-Q24. Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because
(A) large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper (B) the major European states were competing with each other for imperial hegemony (C) these colonies had strategic military importance (D) these areas had small populations and were thus easy to control (E) many Europeans were interested in getting away from Europe’s wintry climate
Answer: (A)
P97-Q25. In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes?
(A) The adoption of indigenous food crops by African migrants (B) Portuguese loss of colonial holdings in the Indian Ocean (C) The rapid natural increase of Brazil’s early slave population (D) The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar
Answer: (D)
P97-Q26. In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the commonly held view that Europeans controlled the largest share of world trade in the seventeenth through the eighteenth centuries. Which of the following evidence from the period would best support this historical reinterpretation?
(A) Prices for Chinese goods were much higher in Europe than in China. (B) European trading companies often backed their long-distance trading ventures with the threat of military force. (C) Asian trading companies dominated trade in the Indian Ocean region. (D) European merchants transported only a fraction of the goods shipped globally.
Answer: (D)
World Economy Theory, 1500-1800 The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe, and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments, which made European conquest and slave systems possible.
P98-Q27. Which of the following statements would challenge the arguments made in the passage?
(A) Strong governments in the slave-exporting regions of West Africa (B) The role of Dutch trading companies in Southeast Asia (C) The use of slaves and the plantation systems in the Americas (D) European imports of sugar and tobacco
Answer: (A)
P98-Q28. Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.?
(A) Bantu-speaking people spread iron metallurgy to East and Central Africa. (B) Europeans established settler colonies in East and Central Africa. (C) Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara. (D) Islam was introduced and widely adopted in North Africa.
Answer: (C)
P98-Q29. Historians consider the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to be a time of great change in cultivation methods and in the physical landscape of Latin America. Which of the following pairings was most responsible for these changes?
(A) Terraces and cacao (B) Encomiendas and corn (C) Horses and potatoes (D) Slave labor and sugar
Answer: (D)
“The Muslims are not the greatest traders in Asia, though they are dispersed in almost every part of it. In Ottoman Turkey, the Christians and Jews carry on the main foreign trade, and in Persia the Armenian Christians and Indians. As to the Persians, they trade with their own countrymen, one province with another, and most of them trade with the Indians. The Armenian Christians manage alone the whole European trade [with Persia].
The abundance of the Persian silk that is exported is very well known. The Dutch import it into Europe via the Indian Ocean to the value of near six hundred thousand livres* yearly. All the Europeans who trade in Ottoman Turkey import nothing more valuable than the Persian silks, which they buy from the Armenians. The Russians import it as well.
Persia exports to the Indies [an] abundance of tobacco, all sorts of fruit, marmalade, wines, horses, ceramics, feathers, and Turkish leather of all colors, of which a great amount is exported to Russia and other European countries. The exportation of steel and iron is forbidden in the kingdom, but it is exported notwithstanding.
There are some Persian traders who have deputies in all parts of the world, as far as Sweden on the one side and China on the other side.”
*French currency unit
Jean Chardin, French jeweler and merchant, on his travels to Safavid Persia, 1686
P99-Q30. Which of the following most directly contributed to the geographic expansion of Safavid trade during the period from 1450 to 1750, as indicated in the passage?
(A) Sufi efforts to spread Islam along trade routes to the east (B) Safavid support for the conquest of India by the early Mughal emperors (C) The expansion of trade in gunpowder weapons in the Indian Ocean and Africa (D) Safavid exchanges with European trading-post empires in Asia
Answer: (D)
P99-Q31. During the period 1600—1800, the leaders of China, Korea, and Japan all had policies that
(A) promoted trade and expansion (B) encouraged emigration and colonization (C) opened their countries to European merchants (D) regulated interactions with foreigners (E) led to wars involving all of East Asia
Answer: (D)
PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA, EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY © The Trustees of the British Museum Goa is located on the southwestern coast of India.
P100-Q32. The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?
(A) The establishment of plantation economies (B) The spread of printing-press technology (C) The development of trading-post empires (D) The decline of Asian states such as the Mughal Empire
Answer: (C)
P100-Q33. A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that
(A) salvation for the Portuguese inhabitants of Goa could be obtained only by rejecting material wealth (B) Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces (C) because of their belief in the prophecy of Jesus, the Muslim inhabitants of Goa could also obtain salvation (D) Jesus was going to provide the Portuguese with new sailing technologies for their ships if they continued to follow him
Answer: (B)
P101-Q34. The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450–1750 ?
(A) Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods. (B) European luxury goods became increasingly popular among Asian populations in the region. (C) Natural resources from the Americas allowed Asian producers to diversify the products they sold to European merchants. (D) European artisans in the region increasingly copied Islamic and Indian styles in their artistic productions.
Answer: (A)
When we were in Canton, a port in southern China, we came across a woman who cried out in Portuguese ‘Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name.’ And because she could speak no more of our language, she very earnestly asked us in Chinese to tell her whether we were Christians. We replied that we were, and for proof we repeated all the rest of the Lord’s Prayer which she had left unsaid. Being assured that we were Christians, she pulled us aside, and weeping said to us, ‘Come along, Christians from the other end of the world, with your true sister in the faith of Jesus Christ.’ Furthermore, she told us that she was named Inez de Leyria, and her father was a great ambassador from Portugal to the Emperor of China. The ambassador married her mother, a Chinese woman, and made her a Christian. Along with her, many were converted to the faith of Christ. During the five days we remained in her house, we made them a little book in Chinese, containing many good prayers.” Account of Fernão Mendes Pinto, Portuguese explorer and merchant, circa
P101-Q35. The activities of Inez de Leyria’s father as described in the passage best support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E.?
(A) The intensification of commercial and diplomatic activity across Eurasia was accompanied by increased missionary activity. (B) The arrival of Nestorian Christians along the Silk Roads introduced European missionaries to China. (C) Russian expansion in Asia encouraged Christian missionary activity in China. (D) The intensification of regional patterns of trade in the Indian Ocean spurred Chinese merchants to convert to Christianity.
Answer: (A)
P101-Q36. The ability of Portuguese merchants and explorers to communicate with the local population of Canton was most likely an effect of which of the following?
(A) Mandarin had replaced Cantonese as the primary spoken language in southern China. (B) Migrations and commercial contacts led to the use of printing in southern China. (C) Portuguese merchants had established trading posts in southern China. (D) Portuguese had replaced Arabic and Persian as the language of trade in southern China. [Testimony by the creole (European-ancestry) members of a lay religious brotherhood in the town of San Juan Peribán.]
Answer: (C)
[Testimony by the creole (European-ancestry) members of a lay religious brotherhood in the town of San Juan Peribán.] “Cristobál Bernal was elected chair of our brotherhood by a margin of only two votes. Most votes in Bernal’s favor came from mulatto and mestizo brothers. However, we, the creole brothers, elected Don Carvajal, a resident of the town and owner of the hacienda and sugar mill there. We urge you to command that only creoles should vote for the positions of chair and deputy chairs and that neither mulattoes nor mestizos can serve in those positions, and that a new election must be held for these positions.” [Response by the mulatto and mestizo brothers] “Since the brotherhood was founded, it has had the ancient custom of voting for and electing mulattoes and mestizos as deputies. And mestizos and mulattoes make up most of the membership and help the brotherhood grow. And mestizo and mulatto brothers had donated land, which earns 25 pesos rent per year for the brotherhood. And mulatto and mestizo brothers also collect alms for the brotherhood. If this brotherhood were actually two—one for creoles only and the other for mulattoes and mestizos—then the petitioners might have a case. But there is only one brotherhood in which creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes are mixed and, being members of it, they must enjoy the rights and advantages of the said brotherhood. Without question these rights should include voting and electing their own chair and deputies.” [Judge’s decision] “The election is declared valid, and Bernal is confirmed as chair.”
P102-Q37. The judge’s decision in the case is best understood in the context of colonial authorities’ policy of
(A) encouraging the spread of indigenous Christian practices, such as the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe (B) ensuring that intercommunal conflicts were brought under control before they could disrupt public order (C) maintaining the continued inflow of coerced labor through the asiento system (D) favoring Spanish-born rather than American-born individuals in official appointments and promotions
Answer: (B)
P102-Q38. Which of the following describes the most important cause of the demographic changes associated with the Columbian Exchange?
(A) The spread of New World diseases to Afro-Eurasia and environmental damage in the Americas (B) The introduction of New World food crops to Afro-Eurasia and the spread of epidemic diseases to the Americas (C) Environmental degradation in Afro-Eurasia and the spread of Afro-Eurasian food crops to the Americas (D) European settlement in the Americas and the forced migration of Native Americans to Afro-Eurasia
Answer: (B)
P102-Q39. The Columbian Exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450–1750?
(A) European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe (B) Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the Western Hemisphere (C) European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere (D) African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere
Answer: (D)
P103-Q40. The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800?
(A) Sugarcane (B) Potatoes (C) Cattle (D) Tobacco
Answer: (A)
P103-Q41. Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the Columbian Exchange?
(A) European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe (B) African livestock to the Western Hemisphere; European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere food to Europe (C) Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the New World (D) European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere (E) African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere
Answer: (E)
P103-Q42. Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange most affected Amerindians in the sixteenth century?
(A) Diseases caused pandemics. (B) Newly introduced crops replaced indigenous American crops. (C) The influx of African slaves displaced Amerindians. (D) European livestock disrupted Amerindian agriculture.
Answer: (A)
P103-Q43. The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial economies in
(A) Canada (B) the Dutch East Indies (C) the Caribbean and Brazil (D) Ireland and Scotland (E) Massachusetts and New York
Answer: (C)
P104-Q44. Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history?
(A) Previous exchanges did not involve societies at radically different levels of technological development. (B) Previous exchanges did not involve the world’s two hemispheres. (C) The Columbian Exchange involved the peaceful transfer of animals, plants, and diseases. (D) The Columbian Exchange was accompanied by the spread of missionary religions.
Answer: (B)
P104-Q45. Which of the following was an important continuity in the global economy from 1500 C.E. to 1700 C.E.?
(A) Muslim merchants controlled most major trade routes. (B) Asian societies produced most of the world’s manufactured goods. (C) Most goods were exchanged using overland trade routes. (D) Reliance on coerced labor systems declined.
Answer: (B)
“Seeing how vile and despicable the idol was, we went outside to ask why they cared about so crude and ungainly a thing. But they, astounded at our daring, defended the honor of their god and said that he was Pachacamac, the Maker of the World, who healed their infirmities. According to what we were able to learn, the devil appeared to their priests in that hut and spoke with them, and they entered there with petitions and offerings from the entire kingdom of Atahualpa, just as Moors and Turks go to the house in Mecca. Seeing the evil of what was there and the blindness of all those people, we gathered together their leaders and enlightened them. And in the presence of all, the hut was opened and torn down and with much solemnity a tall cross was raised over the seat which for so long the devil had claimed as his own.” Miguel de Estete, Spanish mercenary soldier, account of an expedition to
P104-Q46. The Spanish actions described in the passage differed from European attempts to promote Christianity in South and East Asia in the period 1450–1750 in that
(A) in South and East Asia, Europeans relied on established minority groups for help in spreading Christianity (B) in South and East Asia, Europeans were unable to subjugate politically the powerful existing states (C) in South and East Asia, Europeans encountered strong local resistance and mass revolts against their attempts to establish political and cultural uniformity (D) in South and East Asia, Europeans became too closely involved in local sectarian conflicts to be able to effectively promote Christianity
Answer: (B)