AP World History MCQ Practice — Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450–1750) (Part B)¶
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创建日期: 2026-03-04 最后更新: 2026-03-16
使用说明¶
- 题目数量：34 道选择题（Multiple Choice Questions）
- 建议用时：34 分钟（1 分钟/题，模拟 AP 考试节奏）
- 来源：AP Classroom Official Scoring Guide
- 答案位置：每题下方附 Answer
- 覆盖范围：Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450–1750)
- 本部分：Part B（34 题）
Mughal Empire “Last Will and Testament I, Anna de São Jozé da Trindade, Roman Catholic since baptism, always firm in the faith of the Catholic religion, declare the present Will in the following manner: I declare that I was born on the Coast of Africa from where I was transported to the states of Brazil and the city of Salvador in the state of Bahia where I have lived until the present. I was a slave of Theodozia Maria da Cruz, who bought me as part of a parcel of slaves, and who freed me for the amount of one hundred mil-réis, which I gave her in cash. And as a freed woman I have enjoyed this same freedom without the least opposition until the present time. I declare that I was never married and always remained single. And in this state I had five children. I declare that the goods I possess are the following: a slave by the name of Maria, whom I leave conditionally freed for the amount of sixty mil-réis, to be paid to my granddaughter. I also possess a group of two-story houses with shops at street level and a basement below with lodgings, located on the Ladeira do Carmo, where I live on land belonging to me.” currency unit in colonial Brazil Anna de São Jozé da Trindade, Afro-Brazilian woman, last will and testament, 1823
P67-Q37. The passage best illustrates which of the following features of colonial Latin American history?
(A) Racial categories were used to divide colonial societies. (B) Christian religious practices were shared by many social groups. (C) Plantation agriculture dominated economic production. (D) Competition between European states influenced colonialism.
Answer: (B)
“To the count of Katzenellenbogen, Ziegenhain, and Nidda, my gracious lord. Pope Leo X, in the bull in which he put me under the ban, condemned my statement that ‘to fight against the Turk is the same thing as resisting God, who visits our sin upon us with this rod.’ I still confess freely that this statement is mine. The popes and bishops called for war against the Turks in the name of Christ. Yet because Christ taught that Christians shall not resist evil with violence or take revenge, it is against His name. In how many wars against the Turks have the bishops and clergy prevented Christians from enduring heavy losses? Indeed, the king of Hungary and his bishops were beaten by the Turks at Varna and more recently a German army would perhaps have fought with more success, if it had not contained priests. If I were an emperor, a king, or a prince in a campaign against the Turks, I would encourage my bishops and priests to stay at home and mind the duties of their office, praying, fasting, saying mass, preaching, and caring for the poor, as not only Holy Scripture, but their own canon law teaches and requires. To this I say Amen, Amen.” a reference to a failed Christian Crusade launched against the Ottoman Turks in 1444 Martin Luther, German theologian, sermon addressed to a German prince, 1528
P68-Q38. A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to
(A) promote religious war against fellow Christians (B) encourage the creation of a united German state free of papal influence (C) demonstrate that an individual’s destiny was predetermined by God (D) reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings
Answer: (D)
P68-Q39. A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church
(A) had not adequately supported earlier Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Land (B) had become corrupted by power (C) had become too heavily influenced by Renaissance Humanism (D) had failed to convert Muslims living in Europe to Christianity
Answer: (B)
P68-Q40. A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that
(A) papal alliances with the Holy Roman emperors led to widespread religious persecutions in Germany (B) the Protestant German nobility was wary of confronting the Ottomans without Catholic support (C) political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community (D) the Protestant German nobility adopted pacifist attitudes during religious disputes with their Catholic and Muslim opponents
Answer: (C)
P68-Q41. Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
(A) The development of large trading companies (B) The adoption of Buddhist beliefs (C) The military alliances with western European states (D) The use of cannons and gunpowder
Answer: (D)
P69-Q42. The photograph above of a sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following?
(A) Emergence of capitalist economies (B) Expansion of coercive labor systems (C) Creation of a global trade network (D) Cultural syncretism
Answer: (D)
CHINESE SCROLL PAINTING CIRCA 1280 COMMISSIONED BY KHUBILAI KHAN OF THE MONGOL YUAN DYNASTY OF CHINA China: Khubilai Khan hunting on horseback (1280). / Pictures from History / Bridgeman Images The painting shows Khubilai Khan and his hunting companions on horseback. To the left, a horse archer prepares his weapon.
P70-Q43. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the way Khubilai Khan chose to have himself portrayed in the painting?
(A) The Yuan dynasty’s potential monopolization of the Eurasian trade routes would force other Asian rulers to recognize Khubilai Khan’s supremacy. (B) The demonstration of military skill in the painting would encourage the Abbasid caliphs to submit to Khubilai Khan’s rule. (C) The Yuan dynasty’s employment of a Chinese artist to create the painting would encourage the Japanese to accept Khubilai Khan’s rule. (D) The nomadic tradition depicted in the painting would bolster Khubilai Khan’s claim to be the legitimate successor to Genghis Khan.
Answer: (D)
Image 1: OTTOMAN SOLDIERS RECONQUERING A FORTRESS IN GREECE FROM VENETIAN FORCES, MINIATURE IN A VENETIAN-PRODUCED BOOK OF HISTORY AND DIPLOMACY, CIRCA 1665 DEA/A. DAGLI ORTI/Getty Images
Image 2: MUGHAL FORCES LED BY THE EMPEROR AURANGZEB CAPTURE THE FORTRESS OF GOLCONDA, CAPITAL OF A RIVAL MUSLIM INDIAN STATE, IN 1687. PAINTING BY AN ANONYMOUS INDIAN ARTIST, CIRCA 1760. Heritage Images/Getty Images
P73-Q44. Taken together, the two images best support which of the following claims regarding developments in the period from 1450 to 1750 ?
(A) European military technology was inferior to Asian military technology. (B) Rulers served as military commanders and typically led armies into battle themselves. (C) Gunpowder technology facilitated the expansion of land-based empires. (D) Religious divisions were not a significant source of military conflict.
Answer: (C)
P74-Q45. Which of the following imperial expansions was most similar to those of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?
(A) The Portuguese Empire in Brazil (B) The Dutch Empire in South Africa and Indonesia (C) The Spanish Empire in the Americas and Asia (D) The Manchu Empire in East Asia
Answer: (D)
P74-Q46. All of the following pieces of additional information regarding the events portrayed in Image 2 are factually accurate. Which would be most useful in evaluating the message that the image was intended to convey?
(A) Emperor Aurangzeb was a strong proponent of Sunni Islam, while the rulers of Golconda were supporters of Shiism. (B) Emperor Aurangzeb overthrew his father in order to become the Mughal emperor, while the ruler of Golconda succeeded his father peacefully. (C) Emperor Aurangzeb ruled over India during a time when it was the largest agricultural and manufacturing economy in the world. (D) Emperor Aurangzeb increased taxes on all non-Muslims in his empire which contributed to unrest in his multi-religious state.
Answer: (A)
ILLUSTRATION IN A MANUSCRIPT WRITTEN TO CELEBRATE THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE OTTOMAN SULTAN SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT, CIRCA 1560 Paul Fearn / Alamy Stock Photo The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.
P76-Q47. The Ottoman Empire’s recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450–1750 ?
(A) The collection of tribute (B) Establishment of religious uniformity (C) Abolition of feudal privileges (D) The granting of autonomy to minority groups
Answer: (A)
P76-Q48. The recruitment depicted in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 ?
(A) Attempts by imperial states to expand their economic power (B) Attempts by imperial states to prevent religious conflict (C) Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority (D) Attempts by imperial states to control population growth
Answer: (C)
P76-Q49. The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450–1750 ?
(A) Rulers using art as a way to communicate with their illiterate subjects (B) Rulers using art to expand their territories (C) Rulers using art as a way to increase literacy (D) Rulers using art to legitimize their rule
Answer: (D)
Image 1: FRESCO PAINTED ON THE OUTER WALL OF THE MOLDOVITA MONASTERY IN ROMANIA DEPICTING THE OTTOMAN SIEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN 1453 The monastery was built in 1532.
Image 2: NAKKASH OSMAN, OTTOMAN COURT PAINTER, MINIATURE DEPICTING AN OTTOMAN SIEGE OF A EUROPEAN CITY DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN SÜLEYMAN I (1520–1566) The image was produced for an official history of the Ottoman Empire compiled circa 1585.
P78-Q50. Image 1 best illustrates which of the following?
(A) The importance of slave soldiers to Ottoman expansion (B) The growing reliance on foot soldiers in the Ottoman armies (C) The importance of gunpowder to Ottoman expansion (D) The increasing professionalization of the Ottoman officer corps
Answer: (C)
P79-Q51. Which of the following most likely explains the inclusion of Image 2 in a court history of the Ottoman Empire?
(A) To highlight the Ottoman sultans’ role as caliphs of the Muslim world (B) To illustrate the growing influence of Persian art and culture at the Ottoman court (C) To celebrate the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Ottoman court (D) To glorify imperial power by referring back to a celebrated era of Ottoman history
Answer: (D)
P79-Q52. The Ottoman practices shown in the two images directly contributed to which of the following developments before 1600 ?
(A) A series of Ottoman defeats in wars against an expanding Russian Empire (B) Large-scale Ottoman conquests in the Middle East and North Africa (C) Weakening of the Ottoman economy as the empire failed to keep pace with an industrializing Europe (D) The consolidation of Sunni Islam as the state religion of the Ottoman Empire
Answer: (B)
P79-Q53. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many states responded to threats of the type depicted in the two images by
(A) forcing Muslims within their territories to convert to Christianity (B) seeking to increase tax revenues and professionalize their militaries (C) recruiting large numbers of Ottoman military advisors (D) engaging in economic boycotts against Ottoman trade goods
Answer: (B)
P80-Q54. The changes depicted in Map 1 were mostly a result of which of the following?
(A) The Ottoman alliance with France against rival Christian powers (B) The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire’s use of gunpowder weapons (C) The Ottoman Empire’s unrivaled naval superiority in the Mediterranean (D) The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Umayyad caliphate
Answer: (B)
P81-Q55. Which of the following was a method rulers in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?
(A) Developing professional militaries (B) Promoting free trade (C) Adopting the religious practices of minority groups (D) Enacting reforms to decrease economic and social inequalities
Answer: (A)
Image 1: Ivory tip for a king’s ceremonial scepter showing a female ancestor spirit, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800 Werner Forman Archive / Bridgeman Images
Image 2: Female figure on a crucifix, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800 Kongo. Crucifix. Stone, pigment, 13 x 6 1/2 x 2 1/2 in. (33.0 x 16.6 x 6.4 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Museum Expedition 1922, Robert B. Woodward Memorial Fund, 22.240.
P83-Q56. The object in Image 1 best illustrates which of the following continuities in world history?
(A) The power of traditional elites was continuously challenged by the emerging power of new elites. (B) The power of states was based on the ability of rulers to monopolize the use of violence. (C) Artists depended on royal patronage for their livelihoods. (D) Rulers used religious imagery to legitimize their political authority.
Answer: (D)
P83-Q57. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?
(A) Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe (B) Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the south (C) The eradication of Islam from Central Asia (D) The fall of the kingdoms of Poland and Prussia (E) The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings worldwide
Answer: (A)
P84-Q58. Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450—1750 ?
(A) The dominance of the imperial government by a landed aristocracy (B) The creation of overseas colonial holdings (C) Heavy reliance on overseas trade for government revenues (D) An extensive governmental bureaucracy
Answer: (D)
P84-Q59. Which of the following is true of both the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire between 1450 and 1750 ?
(A) The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns. (B) The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations. (C) Christianity was prohibited in both empires. (D) Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia. (E) Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.
Answer: (D)
Map 1
Map 2
P86-Q60. Which of the following empires in the period 1450–1750 engaged in a type of territorial expansion most similar to that depicted in Map 1 ?
(A) The Spanish Empire (B) The Portuguese Empire (C) The British Empire (D) The Mughal Empire
Answer: (D)
P86-Q61. Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?
(A) In both empires the majority of the people were Muslims. (B) Both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies. (C) Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies. (D) Both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.
Answer: (C)
P86-Q62. Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and the Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?
(A) In each, the majority of the people were Muslims. (B) Each had a powerful navy that engaged European navies. (C) Each had developed an efficient administrative structure. (D) Each enjoyed peaceful relations with its neighboring states. (E) Each gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.
Answer: (C)
“Concerning his greatest project, the Selimiye imperial mosque, Sinan himself said this:
‘Sultan Selim II [reigned 1566-1574] ordered the building of a great mosque in the city of Edirne. I, Sinan, his humble servant, prepared for him a design showing four minaret towers, each standing at one of the four corners of an enormous central prayer hall topped by a great dome. Each of the four minarets had three balconies, with separate staircases leading to each balcony. Previously only one Ottoman mosque had a minaret with three balconies, and its one minaret is like a thick tower. But the minarets I designed for Sultan Selim’s mosque are slender and elegant. The difficulty of putting three staircases in such slender structures should be obvious to anyone.
Those among the Christians* who consider themselves architects used to say that no building can ever be covered by a dome that is larger than that of the Christian church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They used to claim that no Muslim architect would ever be able to build a mosque whose dome even approaches in size that of the Hagia Sophia. Yet in the Selimiye mosque, with the help of God and with the support of His Majesty the Sultan, I was able to build a dome that is about 10 feet higher and 6 feet wider than the dome of the Hagia Sophia.’”
*Sinan himself was born into an Ottoman Greek Christian family, but was converted to Islam when he began training for government service as a young boy.
Sai Mustafa Chelebi, Ottoman court official, biography of the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, written circa 1600
P87-Q63. Which of the following characteristics of the Ottoman Empire best explains why Sinan was determined to match the dimensions of the Hagia Sophia church, as discussed in the third paragraph?
(A) The Ottoman dynasty was descended from Turkic pastoralist nomads who did not have their own tradition of monumental architecture. (B) Ottoman art often illustrated the historical and spiritual connections between Islam and other monotheistic religions, such as Christianity and Judaism. (C) By the time the Ottoman Empire began to expand, the Byzantine Empire had already been dramatically reduced in size and geopolitical importance. (D) Bringing Constantinople, with its imperial traditions, under Islamic rule was one of the central pillars of Ottoman rulers’ claims to political legitimacy.
Answer: (D)
P87-Q64. Based on the intended purpose of Sinan's biography, it is most likely that the information in the passage might be
(A) overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque (B) understating the extent of Ottoman royal support for the building of the mosque (C) overstating Christian architects’ achievements and their contributions to the building on the mosque (D) intentionally attributing the building of the mosque to Sinan even though he was not the architect
Answer: (A)
P87-Q65. Sinan’s service to the Ottoman state best illustrates the fact that land-based empires in the period 1450–1750 often relied on
(A) appointed bureaucrats to break the power of entrenched landed aristocracies (B) mass conscription of soldiers to carry out their territorial expansion (C) methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects (D) members of the clergy to perform religious services, administer religious law, and oversee public order
Answer: (C)
P87-Q66. Which of the following are the states that dominated the Mediterranean trade during the sixteenth century?
(A) Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire (B) The Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire (C) Spain and Portugal (D) The Hapsburg Empire and France (E) The Crusader states
Answer: (A)
“The Jiaqing emperor asked the governor Sun Yuting: ’Is Britain wealthy and powerful?’ Sun Yuting responded, ‘Britain is larger than other European countries and is, therefore, powerful. But its power comes from its wealth, which is derived from China. This country is allowed to trade at the port of Canton. It exchanges its goods for our tea. It then resells the tea to Europe and to its colonies in the West, thus becoming wealthy and powerful. Yet, tea is as important to the West as rhubarb is to Russia. If we put an embargo on tea exports, Britain will fall into poverty and its people into sickness. How powerful, then, could Britain possibly be compared to China?’” Sun Yuting, governor of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, autobiographical account of his conversation with the Jiaqing emperor of the Qing dynasty, early nineteenth century
P88-Q67. The emperor’s question to Sun Yuting was most likely intended to assess which of the following?
(A) The degree to which religious conflicts in Europe had weakened Great Britain militarily (B) The relative risks of continuing to pursue a trade policy that forced foreign states to acknowledge China’s political superiority (C) The possibility for the establishment of Chinese colonies in Asia and the Americas (D) The potential advantages of making an alliance with Great Britain to prevent further Japanese expansion in East Asia
Answer: (B)
P88-Q68. Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?
(A) To demonstrate their wealth and power (B) To provide jobs for artists, architects, and builders (C) To create fortresses as a defense against invading armies (D) To glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religion
Answer: (A)